Is There really a Link Between Depression and Suicide

When the word suicide comes to the minds of some, it can be very immobilizing. After all, it is a very serious, deep, and dark topic to converse about. Those who commit suicide have most likely had a history of depression. This is what makes most logical sense. What seems to be the problem though? So many people experience depression. Why should this matter? Depression can be something someone has to live with temporarily, but if the emotions go to as far as killing ones self over it, then that is too much. Life is a valuable gift to have, and one should not want to take their own life for any reason. Many reasons are to blame here for one to commit suicide such as the environment in which one lives in and society itself. Bullying, neglect, conflict, family problems are just some of what make the life of people experiencing depression and suicidal thoughts quite miserable. People under such conditions are quite miserable from lifes troubles and feel as if there is nowhere to go. All hope is lost for them. These people would think that they are better off dead. Society has to learn give attention to help those affected by depression by improving its ways. Is there really a link between depression and suicide? This question can be debatable. The question can have multiple opinionative answers. The strongest risk factor for suicide is depression. (SAVE foundation, Suicide facts, save.org). That is the facts and they present that a link is present. In all truth and logicalShow MoreRelatedInformative speech outline Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Suicide Among Teenagers Specific purpose: To inform my audience on some of the causes on teen suicides.    I. Introduction A. Attention Material: It has been verified on April 19th, 2013 by the Center for Disease Control that for youths between the ages of 10-24, suicide is the third leading cause for death in the United States. (Center for Disease Control: Teen Suicide Statistics, Chart number 1) B. Tie to the audience: Teenagers taking their own life has always been an idea hardRead MoreThe Link Between Depression And Suicide Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Link between Depression and Suicide: Depression carries a high risk of suicide. Over 90% of people who die by suicide have clinical depression or another diagnosable mental disorder. Many times, people who die by suicide have an alcohol or substance abuse problem. Often they have that problem in combination with other mental disorders. Warning Signs: †¢ Always talking or thinking about death †¢ Clinical depression -- deep sadness, loss of interest trouble sleeping and eating -- that gets worseRead MoreEffects Of Depression Among College Campuses Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagespositively or negatively. Depression can occur when adolescents are transitioning into young adult years. Moving away to college, schoolwork load, and maintaining a social life are all big parts of this time frame in life. Many cognitive problems often develop during this time also. When one enters college, they are faced with many different situations that can lead to negative consequences. Drugs, alcohol, and other substances are all present on many college campuses. Depression is a mental illness thatRead MoreA Correlation Between Stress And Adolescent Suicide1187 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a high rate of adolescent suicide with the cause being undetermined. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a correlation between stress and adolescent suicide. Stress is a state of m ental or emotional tension resulting from demanding circumstance; it can affect an individual’s body and mind, which can eventually lead to a mental breakdown. Literature review and qualitative research was the method use to formulate this paper. Based on the results, it is determined that stress-Read MoreDifferent Treatments Of Depression / Anxiety And Their Effectiveness1622 Words   |  7 PagesTreatments of Depression/Anxiety and their Effectiveness For years, the ideal treatment of depression/anxiety has been pretty much up in the air with literature that shows mixed results for responses to various treatments. Pharmacotherapy or treatment via medicine, and psychotherapy treatment via talk therapy are the two types paths for those with a diagnosis of depression/anxiety that will be considered. Depression is a disorder that globally effects more than 350 million people today (Depression (A)).Read MoreMy First Year Of High School947 Words   |  4 Pagesworst days I would cut classes so I could get home even sooner. Suddenly everything seemed like it wasn’t worth doing. All of my work suddenly fell by the wayside. I stopped talking to a lot of friends. I quit softball. Nothing really made me excited anymore. All I really wanted to do was sit in my bed and sleep or binge eat food until I was sick of it. Eventually, I was faced with disciplinary issues at school. My cutting classes hadn’t gone unnoticed. Over the school year I had slowly piled upRead MoreTheories About Perfectionism And Suicidal Ideation, And Its Dimensions On Depressed Adolescent Patients1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod, which comprises sample data based on five independent variables such as perfectionism, stress, daily hassles, hopelessness, and suicide potential. The sample data consisted of 55 adolescents, who completed the procedures which have been associated with some indices of life stress, hopelessness, and one of the main problems of adolescence which is suicide ideation and potential. In addition, that was also attended by the parents of those teenagers who were interviewed to analyze theirRead MoreSymptoms And Changes Of Depression1484 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a mood disorder characterized by pervasive sadness and psychophysiological changes like changes in sleep patterns, sexual desires, loss of pleasure in previously enjoyed things, and even suicidal thoughts (Belmaker Agam, 2008, p. 55). Its rise in prevalence in Western society means that students with depression or depressive symptoms are more common in our schools. The students experience difficulty in motivation and self-esteem, and depression is often comorbid with disorders likeRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Teenagers And Teenagers1511 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullicide is suicide indirectly or directly influenced by experiences with online aggression (Hinduja pAtchin, 2009). This leads to there being a connection between cyberbullying and suicide. Youth who are bullied, or who bully others, are at an elevated risk for suicidal thoughts, attempts, and completed suicides (Baldry Winkel, 2003; Mills, Guerin, Lynch, Daly et al., 2004; Rigby Slee, 1999; van der Wal, de Wit, Hirasing, 2003). In research shown, there has been a connection between cyberbullyingRead MoreLanguage Techniques in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesvaried and links closely to other themes including appearance verses reality, death and suicide, revenge and grief. Soliloquies are one way which the audience can find out a character’s most inner thought. They play an important role in revealing certain themes of Hamlet. The main theme that is explored, is suicide and quality of life. This issue is expressed in nearly all of Hamlet’s soliloquies. At the start of the play, Hamlet contemplates suicide but is apprehensive

Elderly Care - 1995 Words

Elderly Care Ethical issue Paper Oshein Robinson Abstract When we are talking about the word neglect or abuse it is usually associated with woman, children and or animals. We forget to think about elderly abuse, which is overlooked because there is plenty of elderly who can look after themselves and still be a valuable part of society, but we forget the ones who are not capable of that. This paper is about raising concern about the ethical issues of elderly being abused and mistreated. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Physical Abuse 5 PYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE 6 neglect amp; Financial ABUSE 6 Sexual abuse 6 scope of the problem 7 SOLUTION 8 Conclusion 8 Citations 10 Introduction Elder Abuse is any form of†¦show more content†¦neglect amp; Financial ABUSE Neglect is the abandonment that the elder may feel when the caretaker is not fulfilling their obligations. Neglect includes not providing food, water, clothing, medications and assistance with daily activities such as personal hygiene. Some elderly also suffer from unintentional neglect due to a lack of understanding of their needs. An example of this is the caregiver may not provide a safe environment if they fail to realize there are rugs and poor lighting on stairs can be a hazard to elderly people. Or the caregiver may not know the nutritional requirements of the person in their care and may not provide him or her with the proper food. In a CNN report 12% of elders died in a nursing home due to neglect. Neglect can also be not paying the bills for the older person, if the care giver is responsible for paying their bills. The lack of paying the elder person bills is also another type of abuse whi ch is called financial abuse and exploitation. The caregiver can use the older person personal funds or government funded money to satisfy their own needs and leave the elder with no money and in debt. Sexual abuse Sexual abuse on elder person can range from sexual gestures to rape. Inappropriate touching and forcing the person to do anything sexual with the caregiver or a third party. Making the older person watch pornographic material is also consideredShow MoreRelatedElderly Care For The Elderly860 Words   |  4 PagesAs the need for elderly care is increasing, the problems of caring for the elderly is also increasing. The number of elderly persons in the United States is steadily rising. This brings into play the issue that the cost of the care for the elderly is also steadily elevating: as the cost of living grows, the cost of long- term care is also going to continue to increase. Seven out of ten people will receive long-term care in the United States. In 2010, there were an estimated 40 million people overRead MoreCare Giving for the Mexican Elderly1016 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ageing means an increase in life expectancy, prevalence of chronic disease, and need for health and social care services† (Vladislavovna, 2010, 1). Older people need formal and informal support systems to insure independence and an overall good quality of life. Families friends play a big role in the lives of aging Mexican elderly, â€Å"a social network is the collection of interpersonal and communal bonds that people have throughout their lives to establish social relations that satisfy certain needsRead MoreElderly Care Ministry Proposal6882 Words   |  28 PagesELDERLY CARE MINISTRY PROPOSAL We are grateful to our church elders for recognizing the need to minister to the elderly people who reside in our community’s assisted living facility, and for their desire to impact the residents, their families and over time the community at large with the love of Jesus Christ. We appreciate the confidence and support bestowed upon us in designing a ministry plan to care for both member and non-member elderly residents. It is our goal to establish a ministryRead MoreThe Elderly are Changing the Face of Health Care Essay598 Words   |  3 PagesThe elderly aged 65 and older are the leading users of healthcare services nationwide. As the older Americans is an asset to the country, the increasingly aging population is a challenge. In 2050, the number of Americans aged 65 and older is projected to be 88.5 million, more than double its projected population of 40.2 million in 2010 (Vincent, and Velcoff). It is important to recognize the growth of the aging population, wit h the increasing health care costs and health care services that areRead MoreElderly Care: Family and Government Should Work Together Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesresult of these we have a large population of the elderly worldwide since most people live longer. As these groups grow old they become helpless, some are unable to work and while some fall sick to diseases like Alzheimer. The responsibility of taking care of them now either fall into the hands of their immediate family, and in some cases extended family and or the government depending on the culture. However, to make for a result oriented care the government and family needs to work togetherRead MoreGerman and Norwegian Elderly Care Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesGerman and Norwegian Elderly Care Key words care users, care workers, formal and family care provision, access to health care, barriers to health care, uninsured elderly, retirement homes Our elderly should be afforded the best possible care. This care should not only be financial but mentally and emotionally as well. They may not be able to care for themselves, but they have paid their dues, and took care of us now its our turn to take care of them. We were born into this world defenselessRead MoreEthics Of Robot Companionship And Elderly Care1081 Words   |  5 PagesEthics of Robot Companionship and Elderly Care 1. The Ethical Issue The elderly population is growing in the United Sates. According to the Department of Health and Human Service, the older population –people aged 65 and over– â€Å"represented 14.1% in the population in the year 2013 and are expected to grow to be 21.7% of the population by 2040† (â€Å"Administration on Aging† 1). And since many adult children live far away from their parents, some people suggests that using robot as companies can easeRead MoreHome Care Services : A Vital Resource For Elderly And Disabled Persons1020 Words   |  5 PagesIn home care services are a vital resource for elderly and disabled persons in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports there are 12,400 home health agencies serving 4.9 million patients annually. Of these agencies, 80% are run by for-profit organizations, 15% by NPOs, and 5% by government. (Harris-Kojetin L, Sengupta M, Park-Lee E, et al, 2016). While the benefits of in home care are substantial, minimal regulations on the industry have resulted in an often highRead MoreImproving The Care Of The Elderly1305 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper is to discuss how to improve the care of the elderly. In greater detail, I will be discussing fall and fall-risk programs. Fall programs are an essential key when it comes to caring for the elderly. Prevention is the first essential step in the prevention of falls. Falls among the elderly are a common problem, which may result in serious physical, psychological, and financial problems for the patient who has fallen, their family, and care-giving staff (Burland, Martens, Brownell, DoupeRead MoreElderly And Health Care Costs1939 Words   |  8 PagesElderly and Health Care Costs Elderly people struggle with the everyday cost of living. They have to think not only about the essentials of the their living expense’s but have to think about the cost of their health care. When a person applies for health care insurance they will find out what they will pay monthly, semiannually, and annually. There are five factors when considering what the monthly premium will be. The five factors are age, geographical, location, tobacco user, individual vs. family

Analysis of Albert Elliss Life Experiences and Psychological Philosophies free essay sample

At the age of 12 his parents divorced (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). These two life-altering events were, in part, what led him to begin focusing his mind on understanding people (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In junior high Albert Ellis dreamed of becoming a great novelist (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997) but by the time he reached college age, he decided it might be more practical to become an accountant instead. However, he planned to retire by the age of 30 so that he could then take up writing at his own leisure (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). Due in part to the Great Depression, his goals changed but he did go on to graduate college in 1934 with a degree in business (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). After graduation he and his brother became entrepreneurs and started their own business. They sold pants purchased from the garment district (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In 1938 a gift and novelty firm employed him as their personal manager (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). Albert Ellis spent his free time writing short stories, plays, novels, and nonfiction books, but, much to his disappointment, was never able to get them published. DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997) Thereafter, he began working on what he called sex-family revolution† (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). Albert wrote a paper entitled The Case for Sexual Liberty, and went on to become an expert on the subject of sex, love, and marital issues (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In 1943 he earned a masters degree in clinical psychology from Teachers College (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 1997). Subsequently, he opened a part-time private practice in New York while working on his PhD (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 1997)_. Ellis received his PhD in 1947 from the same place he received his masters degree, Teachers College (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 1997). After graduating and obtaining his PhD; Albert Ellis published many papers and several books (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 1997). Some of his most controversial writings, from the 1940s and 1950s, include The H_omosexual in America_ (1951), The Folklore of Sex (1951), and Sex Without Guilt (1958_) _(DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 1997). Some of his controversial articles included The Influence of Heterosexual Cultures on the Attitudes of Homosexuals (1951) and Prostitution Re-assessed (1951) both of these articles were written for the International Journal of Sexology (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis writings were groundbreaking material that opened the door to the sexual revolution of the 1960s and the gay and lesbian rights movement in the 1970s (Ellis 1992). These writings were controversial at that time and may have stigmatized or put a negative label on Albert Ellis. However, these writings as well as references from his friends was how he formed his client base (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Most of Albert Ellis early clients were individuals and couples suffering from sex, love and marital problems (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis also grew his private practice through publicity from his talks, workshops, radio, and television presentations which led to referrals from a number of psychologists with whom he had no personal relationship with (Ellis 1997). Besides maintaining a full-time private practice, Albert Ellis also found the time to become the first Chairman of the first Committee on Private Practice of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). During that time he conducted a study of the members of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). This study showed that only 56% of the American Psychological Association members were engaged in some kind of paid private practice, and only 30% devoted 20 or more hours a week (Ellis 1997). Only a few individuals including Albert Ellis were in full-time private practices (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis also worked with Reverend Ilsley Boone on a New York District Federal Court to legally sell nudist magazines (Ellis 1997)_. _ They lost the New York District Federal court case and immediately start working on a brief for the United States Supreme Court and alternately reversed and New York district Federal Court decision (Ellis 1997). This was a major victory for nudists across the country (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis quickly became an â€Å"Idol† for many American nudists (Ellis 1997). Philosophical and Psychological Beliefs Albert Ellis experimented with various forms of psychotherapy keeping therapies that he believed work better than others and disregarded everything else. Albert Ellis began building his own therapeutic process and started questioning traditional Freudian psychoanalysis. In 1953 Albert Ellis started calling himself a psychotherapist instead of the traditional â€Å"psychoanalyst† label (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis thought that this change of title would separate him from the classical psychoanalytic practices (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis had a passion for reading early philosophy e. g. Epictetus and Spinoza (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1992). Albert Ellis also read famous works from the leading psychologist of his time e. g. Alfred Adler and Karen Horney (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). His study of philosophy and psychology also led him to become interested in understanding the philosophy of happiness. Albert Ellis came to the conclusion that if an individuals basic needs were met, the individual would be happy. He found that basic needs were only part of the equation for personal happiness. Albert Ellis then focused on negative thoughts. Albert Ellis thought that if people had a rational philosophy of life they would rarely be emotionally disturbed (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis formulated a theory that psychological issues and emotional issues of the individual were causing the negative thoughts or what Albert Ellis called irrational beliefs (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Basics Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is a therapy in which individuals change their perceived believes about perceived negative events. Albert Ellis acquired several disabilities such as diabetes, tired eyes, deficient hearing, as well as other physical handicaps (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to overcome his negative perceptions of his disabilities. If you really accept it, and stop whining about it, you can turn some of its lemons into quite tasty lemonade (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), on himself, in 1943 soon after he became a practicing psychologist (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is an important and useful therapy still used today. First, an individual must be aware of their irrational thoughts or explain to the individual that the way they perceive an event is irrational. Then, the individual must replace the irrational thought with rational thought. Finally the individual believes in â€Å"unconditional self acceptance (USA)† (Ellis 1997, 2004). Unconditional self acceptance (USA) is when an individual learns to accept and love their self for who they are rather than what they do. The unconditional self acceptance (USA) is reached when the low frustration tolerance (LFT) is raised and ultimately achieves high frustration tolerance (HFT) (Ellis 1997, 2004). The ABCs of REBT Albert Ellis believed emotional problems that an individual suffers from are the link to a set of irrational beliefs held about themselves, others, and the world they live in. These rational beliefs perpetuate negative self talk in the individual’s consciousness. The negative self talk puts emphasis on shoulds, â€Å"oughts, and musts of irrational thinking. Rational emotive behavioral therapy attempts to replace these irrational beliefs with new rational thoughts. The process of helping the client change their irrational believes is a two step process. The first step is setting up or choosing for themselves certain happiness producing values, purposes, goals, or ideals; and effective, flexible, scientific, logico-empirical [sic] ways to achieve these values and goals and upload boarding contradictory or self defeating result (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational beliefs or irrational beliefs shape who we are how we act. Albert Ellis created an ABC model to help both the client and the therapist engage and treat unrealistic, immature, and absolutist modes of thinking into realistic, mature, logical, and a realistic approach to thinking (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). The â€Å"A† in the ABC model refers to the activating an event. Activating events are events that trigger or cause our beliefs and perception. The Activating event could be a real situation that the individual had experience are could be inferred event were individual their own meeting contrary to what the situation was (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004). In Either case the activating event is negative stimuli cause by an event or situation triggers any irrational belief (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"B† in the ABC model is beliefs that shape an individual emotions and behaviors (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). In other word, an individual who experiences an activating event then forms a belief based upon that activating event affecting their decision-making about their consequences and/or reaction to other stimuli (Ellis 2004). These Beliefs can either be you’re rational or rational (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"C† in the ABC model stands for the consequences of the irrational beliefs (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). There are emotional and behavioral consequences, either positive or negative, to a set of beliefs about the activating event (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Individuals that suffer from irrational beliefs about a given situation will likely suffer from unhealthy negative emotions (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Unhealthy negative emotions are extreme emotions that can manifest themselves in a variety of forms e. g. guilt, anxiety, andor depression (Ellis 2004). The extreme negative feelings are so intense that the individual afflicted with these emotions often cannot function normally (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis does not believe that one should live a life free of negative emotions (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that healthy negative emotions were emotions that were relatively â€Å"low in intensity† (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that the healthy negative emotions experienced in a mentally healthy individual can modify behavior for the betterment of the individuals’ life (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis later added the (D), (E), and (F) to his ABC’s ofRational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"D† is disputing the irrational beliefs that the individual possesses about the activating event (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"E† or effect the person feels is only achieved when the individual or client successfully disputes the irrational belief and replaces the irrational belief with a rational belief (Ellis 2004). This will ultimately lead to a new effect in the persons behavior. The effect will then lead the individual to a healthier and happier way of feeling â€Å"F† (Ellis 2004). The application of the rational emotive behavioral therapy’s ABC model allows people to visualize how their reactions to events are formed (Ellis 2004). Once an individual visualizes how irrational beliefs are formed and changes their behavior negatively therapy will, more than likely, be successful. The 4 steps of applying the ABC model Rational emotive behavioral therapy is an approach that makes the client participates in an active role in the therapy process. There are four steps in applying the ABC model. As the client Progresses through the four steps will work through an individual’s irrational beliefs and use certain skills to combat any irrational beliefs that may arise after private counseling has ended (Ellis 2004). Step one is to reveal the individuals or clients irrational beliefs in their current mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). In many cases the individuals of clients have had these irrational beliefs for so long that they cannot distinguish their irrational beliefs from normal rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Also when the individual or the client has family and friends reinforcing their irrational beliefs, even though the irrational beliefs may not fall into societal norms, only reinforces the idea that their irrational beliefs are rational or normal (Ellis 2004). The first step, basically, outlines the treatment plan and formulates a plan of action to dispute the irrational beliefs. Clients must be aware of their irrational and rational beliefs and distinguish the differences between the two different beliefs. In step two the client or individual expands their understanding of what is irrational and what is rational (Ellis 2004). This step is similar to step one, but step two the therapy is more in-depth and intense. In step two the client or individual must be made aware of their irrational beliefs and how the individuals’ irrational beliefs are perpetuating their own turmoil (Ellis 2004). If the client or individual continues to think unreasonable or irrational, they will repeat their irrational behavior and have continued unpleasant feeling that interrupt their normal way of life (Ellis 2004). In showing the individual or client the pattern of their irrational beliefs and the consequences their irrational beliefs impose on them is detrimental to the success of their treatment (Ellis 2004). Only when the client can distinguish the difference between rational beliefs and irrational beliefs, can realize that the negative problems they are having are in direct correlation with their irrational beliefs, and can see the pattern they follow when irrational beliefs are present (Ellis 2004). Step three begins once the previous objectives have been met. In step three the individual or client will learn how to stop illogical or irrational beliefs and change the irrational and negative pattern into a new logical and rational mode of thinking and behaving (Ellis 2004). This is achieved when the individual ceases the negative self talk and stop the irrational beliefs from affecting their mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). Many individuals have their irrational beliefs so embedded in their mode of behaving and their mode thinking that the individual may not even be aware that their irrational beliefs are irrational (Ellis 2004). The client with help from their therapist will attempt to identify the irrational beliefs from the rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). In the fourth and final step the client has identified their irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). The client along with the help of the therapist, work to modify the clients negative way of thinking and identify and change the clients irrational beliefs into rational modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). The therapist works with the client until a new set of rational beliefs are fashioned (Ellis 2004). Once the irrational belief system is replaced by a more rational and logical belief system the client will notice negative feelings and negative behaviors change into a more positive feelings and positive behaviors (Ellis 2004). The rational emotive behavioral theapry techniques used by the therapist to dispute irrational beliefs can vary from client to client depending on the type of the client and modes of irrational thinking REBT Techniques Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is a multimodal form of therapy (Ellis 2004). Some of the different techniques used in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy include â€Å"Disputing the client’s irrational beliefs†, â€Å"changing the language of the client†, and emotive techniques like â€Å"role playing† and â€Å"rational emotive inventory† (Ellis 2004). These different techniques can be used to modify several types or irrational behaviors caused by irrational beliefs e. g. anxiety, depression, anger, and addictions (Ellis 2004). These techniques show the client how to refute their irrational beliefs in a precise and rapid method. Disputing the client’s irrational beliefs technique is a technique that makes the client challenge their beliefs and modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). In this technique the therapist presents a series of questions such as: Why do you assume this? or Why must it be this way? When the client answers these questions the client start to realize that the way they are thinking is irrational (Ellis 2004). The language of the client technique disputes â€Å"the shoulds† and â€Å"the oughts† in the client’s way of thinking (Ellis 2004). In most cases the language used by the client forms their irrational way of thinking (Ellis 2004). By changing â€Å"the shoulds† and â€Å"the oughts† into wishes, wants, and desires may change the client’s irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Example of Self-Application of REBT The techniques outlined by Albert Ellis shows how simplistic but meaningful Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) can be (Ellis 2004). Take for example when Albert Ellis gets impatient or angry about his various limitations (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis says to himself: Too damn bad! I really do not like taking all this time and effort to deal with my impairments and wish to hell that I didnt have to do so. But alas, I do. It is hard doing so many things to keep myself in a relatively healthy condition, but it is much harder in the long run and much more painful and deadly, if I do not keep doing this. There is no reason whatsoever why I absolutely must have it easier than I do. Yes it is unfair for me to be more afflicted than many other people are. But, damn it, I should be just as afflicted as I am! Unfairness should exist in the worldto me, and to whomever else it does existbecause it does exist! Too bad that it doesbut it does! † sic Albert Ellis lived a full and rich life filled with controversy and an outspoken attitude. Albert Ellis fought for gay and lesbian rights and the right to send uncensored or obscene mail through the Federal mail system. Albert Ellis was also one of the first individuals start their own private practice as a psychologist. Albert Ellis was truly a pioneer psychological field. Albert Ellis not only fought for the rights of other individuals, he also was one of the first individuals to stray away from Freudian psychoanalysis started using his own version of the cognitive-behavioral approach known as Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT). Albert Ellis was truly a pioneer of the psychological world.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Operas General free essay sample

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Born: 1756; Salisbury, Austria Died: 1791 Personal Life: Family: Mozart father showed eagerness to show him off, and profit from his sons great talent. Mozart had a loving father and mother, and he was introduced to music early on from them. Health and Physiognomy: Mozart was ill many times. Suffering from a variety of illnesses ranging from smallpox, to rheumatic fever which has been deemed what killed him. Personality: Mozart personality in the beginning of his life as very dependent.He relied on his father for everything. This is understandable, but his father was exploiting him. When Mozart turned 25 he split away from his father and the oppressive archbishop and became a freelance musician. An apparent humorous being, I can tell this from the humor Included In most of his operas. Career: Significant Places: Italy: where he mastered operatic style: Significant People: Joseph Haydn, Franz S;smeary Employers or Patrons: prince-archbishop (no actual name mentioned),Means of Earning a Living: Composing music, Performing, and at one time even teaching music. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Operas General or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Financial Situation: From what Vive found, Mozart was never bankrupt or even going through rough times. His life was short, and his financial status seemed to be at least middle class. Although there were slums in business, he still pursued his love of music. Mozart died at the age of 36 In debt. Music: Style of Composition: Operatic. Toward the end of his life, he composed a few great operas, and a requiem.His requiem was left unfinished, and completed by a close friend. HIS operas General Characteristics: Seemingly composed with ease, his compositions are usually graceful and spontaneous. Along with that, he demonstrated balance, restraint, and proportion through his works. His music is powerful, but yet elegant. Output: He composed several symphonies and concertos as well as chamber music. His symphony no. 40 in G minor was his most dramatic and passionate symphony. His Piano Concerto no. 23 in A major was one of his greatest concertos he composed.Opera was another of his major outputs. Composing numerous operas, Just a couple famous ones are: Don Giovanni, and his most successful opera The Magic Flute. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Operas General Characteristics ay testiest 21 Nas very dependent. He relied on his father for everything. This is understandable, apparent humorous being, I can tell this from the humor included in most of his Significant Places: Italy: where he mastered operatic style; of music. Mozart died at the age of 36 in debt. Music: close friend.

Essay on Case Study Three

Essay on Case Study Three Essay on Case Study Three This case study is about me coaching another member of staff while I was on a coaching course here at Dudley College in 2013 and what I have learned about coaching and myself. The Subject Learning Coach Programme was designed to help develop the tutors coaching skills, enabling them to support others in their own organisation. It is designed for people who are in a teaching/training role in their organisation and who want to develop their coaching skills to support improvements in teaching and learning. The course was run from January 2013 till the end of April 2013. We had to attend every Thursday 2.00pm till 5.00pm. and included the following stages Developing reflective practice through subject coaching The principles and practice of coaching Developing coaching skills within your organisation Developing subject pedagogy through the application of coaching skills Embedding coaching practice in your organisation As part of the course we also had to complete 6 hours of coaching practice on another member of staff and an action research project that was designed to explore an aspect of quality improvement in any teaching and learning aspect. I chose to look at some teaching materials to redevelop. The course taught me about the power that coaching has. And how we can get the learner to identify solutions for themselves if they are pointed in the right direction and has a much a better impact than the learner just been told what to do. The coaching programme installed in me the confidence & ability to be a more effective coach and indeed a more effective teacher. The skills learnt were certainly transferable. The programme also helped me to develop my skills in supporting whole organisational improvement of teaching and learning. I can also use my new found coaching skills with learners to support their progress and achievement. And I was also able to develop and strengthen links with people carrying out a similar role in other organisations across the region. The college have been looking to have at least one Learning coach per department up to now there have not been many. The college does have mentors but mentors are different to coaches. This is a table I had to design to compare coaching with mentoring so that I could understand the difference between the two. Comparison between coaching and mentoring Coaching Mentoring Coaching is usually focused professional dialogue designed to aid the coachee in developing specific professional skills to enhance their teaching repertoire. Mentoring usually takes place at significant career events, such as to support induction or taking on new professional roles. For tutors it often supports experimentation with new classroom strategies. It has an element of ‘gatekeeping’, and the mentor is almost always someone more senior in the organisation. Coaches are not normally in positions of line management in relation to their coachee. There is often an organisational motive for the process; for example succession planning. Coaching for enhancing teaching and learning is not normally explicitly linked to a career transition. The focus of the coaching is usually selected by the coachee and the process provides opportunities for reflection and problem solving for both coach and coachee. In some cases there is a requirement that the mentor provides documentary evidence of the mentoring process and its outcomes; for example demonstrating that the participant in mentoring has met certain competencies. The college view on this is that by the tutors learning and improving on their own development it helps to underpin the colleges’ improvement and provides a vehicle for raising achievement and attainment. When tutors learning is based on their genuine assessment and understanding of pupils’ learning they can start to make adjustments to their own practice which can then lead to real differences in outcomes, which then helps to create conditions which allow tutors to experience and

Theory Definition in Science

Theory Definition in Science The definition of a theory in science is very different from the everyday usage of the word. In fact, its usually called a scientific theory to clarify the distinction. In the context of science, a theory is a well-established explanation for scientific data. Theories typically cannot be proven, but they can become established if they are tested by several different scientific investigators. A theory can be disproven by a single contrary result. Key Takeaways: Scientific Theory In science, a theory is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method.In common usage, the word theory means something very different. It could refer to a speculative guess.Scientific theories are testable and falsifiable. That is, its possible a theory might be disproven.Examples of theories include the theory of relativity and the theory of evolution. Examples There are many different examples of scientific theories in different disciplines. Examples include: Physics: the big bang theory, atomic theory, theory of relativity, quantum field theoryBiology: the theory of evolution, cell theory, dual inheritance theoryChemistry: the kinetic theory of gases, valence bond theory, Lewis theory, molecular orbital theoryGeology: plate tectonics theoryClimatology: climate change theory Key Criteria for a Theory There are certain criteria which must be fulfilled for a description to be a theory. A theory is not simply any description that can be used to make predictions! A theory must do all of the following: It must be well-supported by many independent pieces of evidence.It must be falsifiable. In other words, it must be possible to test a theory at some point.It must be consistent with existing experimental results and able to predict outcomes at least as accurately as any existing theories. Some theories may be adapted or changed over time to better explain and predict behavior. A good theory can be used to predict natural events that have not occurred yet or have yet to be observed. Value of Disproven Theories Over time, some theories have been shown to be incorrect. However, not all discarded theories are useless. For example, we now know Newtonian mechanics is incorrect under conditions approaching the speed of light and in certain frames of reference. The theory of relativity was proposed to better explain mechanics. Yet, at ordinary speeds, Newtonian mechanics accurately explains and predicts real-world behavior. Its equations are much easier to work with, so Newtonian mechanics remains in use for general physics. In chemistry, there are many different theories of acids and bases. They involve different explanations for how acids and bases work (e.g., hydrogen ion transfer, proton transfer, electron transfer). Some theories, which are known to be incorrect under certain conditions, remain useful in predicting chemical behavior and making calculations. Theory vs. Law Both scientific theories and scientific laws are the result of testing hypotheses via the scientific method. Both theories and laws may be used to make predictions about natural behavior. However, theories explain why something works, while laws simply describe behavior under given conditions. Theories do not change into laws; laws do not change into theories. Both laws and theories may be falsified but contrary evidence. Theory vs. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a proposition which requires testing. Theories are the result of many tested hypotheses. Theory vs Fact While theories are well-supported and may be true, they are not the same as facts. Facts are irrefutable, while a contrary result may disprove a theory. Theory vs. Model Models and theories share common elements, but a theory both describes and explains while a model simply describes. Both models and theory may be used to make predictions and develop hypotheses. Sources Frigg, Roman (2006). Scientific Representation and the Semantic View of Theories. Theoria. 55 (2): 183–206.  Halvorson, Hans (2012). What Scientific Theories Could Not Be. Philosophy of Science. 79 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1086/664745McComas, William F. (December 30, 2013). The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning. Springer Science Business Media. ISBN 978-94-6209-497-0.National Academy of Sciences (US) (1999). Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences (2nd ed.). National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/6024 ISBN 978-0-309-06406-4.  Suppe, Frederick (1998). Understanding Scientific Theories: An Assessment of Developments, 1969–1998. Philosophy of Science. 67: S102–S115. doi:10.1086/392812

How the epic poem Iliad influenced Alexander the Great Research Paper - 1

How the epic poem Iliad influenced Alexander the Great - Research Paper Example Alexander’s dream to conquer the world has its root in the very imaginary of world of the Iliad. To a great extent, Iliad’s world was a world of heroism for Alexander. Homer’s heroes -especially, Achilles- had influenced the young mind of Alexander in his youth. But this world also taught him morality and courage to a considerable extent. It was the courage of Achilles’ courage -to go against Agamemnon’s tyrannous, unreasonable and despotic behavior- that inspired Alexander to raise his voice often against his father’s royal policies. Though he inherited much of the war-tactics and the wisdom of fighting and winning a war from his father Philip of Macedon, textual evidences from the â€Å"Iliad† show that a significant part of Alexander’s war-tactics had been induced and modulated by the war-tactics of Homeric heroes. This paper will explore into how Alexander had been influenced by Homer’s epic poem ‘Iliad’. In this regard, Alexander’s real-life activities will be compared with the textual evidences in the poem. During the formative years of his early life Alexander had been greatly influenced by the â€Å"Iliad†. Since his time, he has turned into a legendary personality. He appears to one of the most influential historical personalities who tamed the world by their courage. But this legendary personality himself has been inspired tremendously by the Greek mythologies and legends. During the early years of his life, Alexander studied the ‘Iliad’. The courage and heroism of the Greek heroes in the story were greatly shaping the young mind of Alexander. Especially the Homeric hero Achilles attracted him so much that he decided to imitate him in his real life. Till his death, the Achillean motivation to fight in a war has haunted Alexander’s mind. This Achillean motivation is best described in the following speech of Achilles: â€Å"If I hold out here and I lay siege to Troy, / my journey

What are the positive and negative effects of legalizing marijuana Essay

What are the positive and negative effects of legalizing marijuana - Essay Example Although it is illegal to use it, many people have continued to either sell or abuse it. These illegal activities associated with the use of marijuana leads to violence and fraud by some public officers for them to conceal the matter. The issue of legalizing marijuana raises questions on whether to change the laws to make it legal (Caulkins, et al. 4) This means that the production, sale and use of marijuana will not be done by criminals but farmers, wholesalers and merchants since it is legal. The issue of legalizing marijuana in U.S was first introduced in the twenty-first century as economists found it as a source of revenue (Morgan 12). Income in the form of tax revenue would be realized from the sale of marijuana like any other legal trade. In addition, it is argued that the cost of arresting, detaining, and disciplining the marijuana traffickers would be used in performing other essential activities. In contrast, other economists argue that due to legalization of the drug, many people would become addicts leading to increase in violent and criminal activities. This means that security will be at stake as the police department will have to act on the addicts (Morgan 13). Therefore, the short term income realized from the sale of marijuana will be diverted in maintaining peace and security. Additionally, there would be decrease in production since energetic and able minds will be diverted to drugs. This means that the economy will lag behind as some contribution is lost. According to some doctors, marijuana is useful to people with AIDS, cancer, anxiety among others and should be legalized. It is also known in the treatment of allergies, anesthetic and sedative. On the other side, marijuana is harmful to human beings as it leads to mental and addictions (Morgan 22). Marijuana has both negative and positive effects to users and the society at large. The major reason behind

The Crusades Essay Example for Free

The Crusades Essay The Crusades were a series of wars that were fought by Christians for religious cause, to obtain the Holy Land, and mainly attack upon infidels. â€Å"The Crusades began in 1095 after Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem and began restricting access to Christian pilgrims. Pope Urban II called for a Christian army to retake the city from its Muslim rulers† (BBC News). The crusades brought both positive and negative influence to the people, it also brought culture diffusion. People were considered barbaric in countries, people used brutal war-tactics, churches played an important role before, during, and after the Crusades, and it was considers a failure for the Europe. The crusades brought many major changes that affected in the way different cultures spread, mingle, grew, and change through the interaction of ideas. On the history of the civilization the Crusades influenced the wealth and power of the Catholic Church, political matters, and intellectual development. The crusades also prompted the famous voyages of discovery. â€Å"It received stimulus from the voyages of exploration undertaken by England, Spain, and other nations to Africa, Asia, and the New World.† (www.britannica.com) Western Europe benefited from the economic as it got better. The trade increased as European ports were opened in the Middle East. A lot of the shipbuilding and navigational skills increased as people traveled out to seas. New age of exploration was setup due to travel expands. When crusaders returned from the crusades they brought back things that include architecture, herb and spices, and foods such as: sugar cane, lemons, apricots, plums, dates, rhubarb, almonds, shallots, and watermelons. The trade brought clothing materials like silk, cotton, linen, and velvet they also brought goods like pearls and ivory including rouge, henna, and glass mirrors. Town merchants benefited from the increase of trade and loaned money. During this time many schools and universities were built around the monasteries. People had the opportunity to study liberal arts; they could earn special degrees in law, medicine, and theology. The down side of this was that women were not to attend or teach. For them it was important to take care of their house and their children. During the medieval era people in Europe and Muslim countries lived very different life. In Western Europe people primarily focus on the wealth, power, classes, and land. For them education didn’t really matter at the time, and they were satisfied with the current level of knowledge they had. Religious tolerance was another issue in Western Europe. People did not tolerate non-Christians. European had banned the non-Christians from Jerusalem. Western Europe had many reasons for wars. They protected lands from Muslim Turks, because Turks were overtaking Byzantine Empire and threatened its existence. Due to this Pope sent crusaders to â€Å"rescue† the Byzantines and make behold to the Romans for getting them out of trouble. This was more like a religious piety, because the real purpose was to real the Great Schism and put the Eastern Church under the control of the Pope. They had many wars related to trade, and Holy Land. They protected trade routes and flow of the goods and they fought the Muslims for the Holy Land. Western Europe had a lot of church conflicts that were generally between the Roman Catholics and Byzantines. In 1064 the church split when Eastern Church refused to accept papal supremacy called the Great Schism. This cause many problems for both churches and the people. As for the Muslim countries, they were primarily focused on religion unlike Western Europe. Education was quite important in Muslim countries. They spent majority of their time learning and praying. They built universities and vast libraries in major cities. Religious tolerances played an important role in Muslim countries. People were very tolerant of the Jews and Christians. They even allowed Jews to live in Jerusalem in relative peace. Muslims progressed in science, because they translated great works of ancient Greek done by great people like Aristotle. They used this great works to advance in math, physics, medicine, and other science. They developed great amount of medical literature, based on ancient scientists. Just like Western Europe, the Muslim countries had many reasons for wars. Their wars were mainly between the Shiite and Sunni. â€Å"Shiite believed that the true successors to the Prophet are the descendants, called Imams† (Ellis, Esler 311). The compromise group, which forms almost all of the Muslims in the world, is the Sunnis. â€Å"The Sunni believed that inspiration comes from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers† (Ellis, Esler 311). The same reasons between Sunnis and Shiites lead to church conflicts. Muslims developed a lot of traveling methods. Their maps were detailed; they reintroduced three merchant ships to Mediterranean. For them traveling far out to east introduced them to paper instead of parchment. They also allowed people to keep records and made copies of the Quran. During the Medieval Era Europe faced many problems. Corrupted churches were concern with the money, so they appointed church officials based on their ability to pay for the positions. In Muslim countries they were not concerned about thing being corrupted because it didn’t exist in the Islam culture. In Western Europe the feudal system was way far outdated. They had too much individual ruling, and they didn’t adapt to new commerce and trade opportunity. Europe was more concern about protecting their little world. On the other hand Muslims were making constant improvements in commerce and trade. In Europe as towns grew, towns’ people had to pay more taxes to the feudal lords and vassals. As for the Muslim countries they didn’t have anything like that to worry about. As a result Europeans were more barbaric than the Muslims. Crusaders used many brutal war-tactics in attempted to justify those deeds. â€Å"Wherever their ideas came from, it was clear, that to the Franks, any engagement was to subdivide the army into a number of smaller units and to marshal them in the field in a prearranged order.† (www.umich.edu).This war tactic started a regimented order that was necessary when a battle began; this was to help the commander facilitate the control over the army. The crusader’s main military weapon was the mounted knight; this was a serious threat in any confrontation. During the crusades the Church played a big role before, during, and after. The church was a big reason that started many crusades to gain the Holy Land. The church was very important during the middle Ages, because people believed that their souls were the most important things and being a Christian was the only way to save them. The church guided the people with baptism, confession, and absolution. The crusades represented a great power of the church. They took over the Holy Land and held it briefly. The churches was a counter to kings who wanted absolute power.

Money Laundering--the Process :: essays research papers

MONEY LAUNDERING—THE PROCESS AND IT’S AFFECTS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Money laundering is a process that many people do not understand. In fact, when I chose money laundering for my report, I thought that I chose counterfeiting. Money laundering and counterfeiting is not the same. Money laundering is the process by which large amounts of illegally obtained money (from drug trafficking, terrorist activity or other serious crime) is given the appearance of having originated from a legitimate source. Money laundering is a complex operation that affects everyone. The purpose of this paper is to explain the money laundering process and how it affects society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Money laundering is not a single act but is more a complex operation that is completed in three basic steps. The first step is placement, the second step is layering, and the third step is integration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first step, placement, is to take the moneys and place them into the financial system, the retail economy, or smuggle them out of the country. The aims of the launderer are to remove the cash from the location of acquisition so as to avoid detection from the authorities and to then transform it into other asset forms; for example: travelers checks, postal orders, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second step, layering, is the first attempt to conceal or disguise the source of the ownership of the funds by creating complex layers of financial transactions designed to disguise the audit trail and provide anonymity. The purpose of layering is to disassociate the illegal moneys from the source of the crime by purposely creating a complex web of financial transactions aimed at concealing any audit trail as well as the source and ownership of the funds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third step, integration, is the stage at which the money is integrated into the legitimate economic and financial system and is assimilated with all other assets is the system.

The 2nd Battle of Ypres, April 1915

The second battle of Ypres, Belgium April, 1915 involved the allied troops and the German Troops. Faltenhayn (German chief of general staff) had a big hand in starting this battle. Poison gas was introduced in this battle by the Germans against the Allied troops. Canada‘s bravery in the battle made a good reputation for itself. In 1915, Faltenhayn had planned to be defensive in the west, but decided to be offensive near Ypres. This is what caused the 2nd battle of Ypres. He wanted to pre-empt any coming Franco British attack in the west (Duputy 217). This means that Faltenhayn wanted to attack the Allied troops before they attacked Germany. In the battle the Germans attacked with artillery, after the attack was done the Allied troops waited for Germany‘s first wave but Germany surprised the allied troops by doing something totally unexpected. Poison gas was used by the Germans in this battle against the Allied troops. Faltenhayn agreed to use poison gas in the attack even though in 1907 Germany signed a treaty forbidding the use of poison gas. The German army filled poison gas into canisters and brought it to the front line. If the wind was heading in the right direction they would open the canisters and the gas would drift across no-man's land to the Allied troops. But the allied troops decided to fire artillery to the front line of Germany so the canisters would break and the Germans would die (Duputy 218). Germany used the poison gas against two French colonial divisions, which caused the French army to run away. Canadians were not affected by the poison gas because they used wet (with water) cotton bandoliers to cover their mouths and noses so they counter-attacked on the same day, which made a good reputation for the Canadian army. â€Å"On April 22nd 1915, the 1st Canadian Division has just arrived at the front which was located just outside the city of Ypres, near Belgium. Here they achieved recognition for holding their ground against the new weapon of choice in modern warfare known as chlorine gas†. (vac) Canada entered the battle because it was one of the colonies of Great Britain. The Canadians withdrew from the battle on May 3rd, where they were relieved by British forces† (vac). Canada was sympathized for its bravery, thankfulness, and its efforts during this battle. The 2nd battle of Ypres also gave Canada a good reputation in the world. This battle involved the Allied troops and Germany. Faltenhayn decided to be offensive near Ypres in 1915. Poison gas was used by the Germans against the allied troops. Canada, being one of the colonies of Great Britain was involved in this battle and set a good reputation for itself in the battle for its hard work, and bravery.

International accounting standard IAS Essay

We say Impairment has taken place when an asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognized in the balance sheet after deducting accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss. And recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell (sometimes called net selling price) & its value in use. Also the fair value is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in a bargained trasction between knowledgeable; willing party’s . on the other hand value in use is the discounted present of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Impairment of goodwill involves two steps: 1) Screening step 2) Computation step Impairment is calculated at a reporting unit level. Impairment is calculated when the carrying Amount of the goodwill for a reporting unit exceeds its implied fair value. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. The Goodwill for one reporting unit may be impaired, while the goodwill for other reporting units may or may not be impaired Calculation of goodwill for impairment involves two major steps: Step 1: Identify impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount including goodwill. Assign assets acquired and liabilities assumed to the various reporting units. Assign goodwill to the reporting units. Determine the fair values of the reporting units and of the assets and liabilities of those reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, there is potential goodwill impairment. The impairment is assumed to be due to the reporting unit’ goodwill since any impairment in the other assets of the reporting unit will already have been determined and adjusted for.. If the fair value of a reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, there is no impairment goodwill and Step 2 can be avoided. But where the result is vice versa step two can not be avoided a since goodwill impairment as taken place. Step 2: measuring the value for both tangible and intangible assets (impairment of goodwill) Step 2 is more complex than step1 because it requires that the fair market values of each of the identified tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of a reporting unit be estimated first before calculation takes place Value of Reporting Unit = Value of Identified Assets + Value of Goodwill = (Value of Reporting Unit- Value of Liabilities) = (Value of Identified Assets-Value of Liabilities) + Value of Goodwill = Fair Market Value of Equity = Fair Market Value of Net Assets + Fair Market Value of Implied Goodwill Summary and Conclusions Financial Accounting Standard 142 requires that goodwill emerging from acquisitions be tested to determine whether it has impaired or not because FAS 142 requires firms to effectively undertake a market test to see if Goodwill has been impaired. This test is completed in two steps as mentioned above. Reference: 1. International accounting standard IAS 36 2. Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 142.

The History of Postage Stamps

The History of Postage Stamps Before adhesive paper stamps came along, letters were hand-stamped or postmarked with ink. Postmarks were invented by Henry Bishop and were at first called Bishop mark. Bishop marks were first used in 1661 at the London General Post Office. They marked the day and month the letter was mailed. The First Modern Postage Stamp: Penny Black The first issued postage stamp began with Great Britains Penny Post. On May 6, 1840, the British Penny Black stamp was released. The Penny Black engraved the profile of Queen Victorias head, who remained on all British stamps for the next 60 years.   Rowland Hill Invents Adhesive Postage Stamps A schoolmaster from England, Sir Rowland Hill invented the adhesive postage stamp in 1837, an act for which he was knighted. Through his efforts, the first stamp in the world was issued in England in 1840. Roland Hill also created the first uniform postage rates that were based on weight rather than size. Hills stamps made the prepayment of mail postage possible and practical. Hill had received a summons to provide evidence before the Commission for Post Office Enquiry in February 1837. In providing his evidence, he read from the letter he wrote to the Chancellor, including a statement the notation of paid postage could be created ...by using a bit of paper just large enough to bear the stamp and covered at the back with a glutinous wash....  This is the first publication of an unambiguous description of a modern adhesive postage stamp. Hill’s ideas for postage stamps and charging paid-postage based upon weight soon came to fruition and were adopted in many countries throughout the world. With the new policy of charging by weight, more people began using envelopes to mail documents. Hill’s brother Edwin Hill invented a prototype of the envelope-making machine that folded paper into envelopes quickly enough to match the pace of the growing demand for postage stamps. Rowland Hill and the postal reforms he introduced to the UK postal system are immortalized on several commemorative postage issues of the United Kingdom. William Dockwra In 1680, William Dockwra, an English merchant in London, and his partner  Robert Murray  established the  London Penny Post, a mail system that delivered letters and small parcels inside the city of London for a total of one penny. The postage for the mailed item was prepaid by the use of a hand-  stamp  to frank the mailed item, confirming payment of postage.   Shapes and Materials In addition to the most common rectangular shape, stamps have been printed in geometric (circular, triangular and pentagonal) and irregular shapes. The United States issued its first circular stamp in 2000 as a  hologram  of the earth.  Sierra Leone and Tonga have issued stamps in the shapes of fruit.   Stamps are most commonly made from paper designed specifically for them and are printed in sheets, rolls or small booklets. Less commonly, postage stamps are made of materials other than paper, such as  embossed  foil.

The Pros and Cons of Online High School Programs

The Pros and Cons of Online High School Programs Should you consider earning your high school diploma online? Moving from a traditional high school to an online high school can be a big transition for any student, whether they are a teenager or a returning adult. Take a look at a few of the pros and cons before making your decision. The Benefits of Earning a High School Diploma Online Work at your own pace: With online high school courses, you can work at your own pace. You can take extra time when you need it to understand the material or speed through courses that are easy.Flexible schedule: You have greater flexibility in your schedule and can arrange your classes around work and other responsibilities. If you work part-time or full-time or have child care responsibilities, you can arrange your coursework accordingly.Avoiding social distractions: It’s easier to avoid the distractions (peers, parties, cliques) of regular school and focus on getting work done. If youve had trouble focusing on your studies instead of the social life at school, this is a benefit of taking courses online.Be yourself: Many students see taking courses online as a way to develop their own identity, apart from the social pressures of traditional schools.Avoid a negative environment: You won’t have to put up with the â€Å"bad influences,† cliques, gangs, or bullies found at a traditional high school. Specialization: You may be able to specialize in learning subjects that are interesting to you. The different options available online may be wider than those offered at your local high school.Get a diploma faster: Some students are able to earn their diploma early (a few even finish twice as fast as traditional students). The Disadvantages of Earning a High School Diploma Online Lack of social events: Most online programs don’t have the fun elements of traditional high schools such as prom, senior day, graduation, weird hair day, etc.No immediate teacher access: Some subjects (such as writing and math) may be hard to master without a teacher present. A student doesnt have immediate access to the instructor to get additional help and clarification of principles. It becomes easier to fall behind.Less motivation to complete work: Many people find it challenging to focus on completing work when there isn’t an actual teacher there to encourage them on a daily basis. They need human interaction to overcome procrastination.Social isolation: Some students become isolated or anti-social. While you may prefer to work solo online, you are missing out on the important lessons of learning to work with others. In a traditional school, they would have to step out of their comfort zone and learn how to interact with others.Non-accredited schools: If your onlin e school is not accredited, your transcripts probably won’t be accepted by businesses and universities. Cost: Unless you find an accredited charter school or use a free online program, you can expect to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars on tuition, the curriculum, and computer equipment.

Product Liability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Product Liability - Research Paper Example Since the retailers utilize raw ingredients yet they know that they are poorly regulated they should be held liable for injuries caused by use of the products. Retailers should do research before importing to ensure they only get raw materials that are well regulated (Feinman, 2006). Such a policy has negative effects to U.S businesses. The businesses experience huge losses especially if a case is filed against them, and they are supposed to compensate the affected individuals. The businesses do not receive any compensation, but are required to pay compensations thus experience huge losses. Their name is also tarnished by the defective products that circulate in the market (Feinman, 2006). The U.S retailers and Manufacturers should ensure that they carry out research about the products they are about to import. They should ensure that they are well regulated to avoid making defective products. If they are not able to carry out research on the best raw materials to import, they should give warning to consumers that the ingredients are poorly regulated. With this strategy, the businesses would face the challenge of lack of consumers for they would fear using the products with poorly regulated ingredients (Feinman,

HR Alignment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

HR Alignment - Assignment Example What makes this leader successful is that when he took over his position, there was growth retardation issue with the organization. There was however a change agenda prepared by the past management to gain growth in a period of five years. Even though the Head of Corporate Affairs was not part of the drawing of the change agenda, he could put every needed resource together and organize the human resource he came to meet in such a way that in just three years, the five year growth plan was already yielding results. Based on the initiative taken by the leader and the approach used in achieving the success, there are three major lesson I have learnt about the most critical components of leading and implementing change. The first of this is a willpower, which acts as an intrinsic motivation for the person who is to effect the change. This is because even though the leader was not part of the proponents of the change, he had a very strong will to ensure that the goals set were achieved. The second is exemplary leadership. Very specifically about our leader, it was observed that he did not just on board to order others around. Rather, he would always take the lead in doing something, which made all others follow suit. Finally, the need to stick to plan is very necessary for any change agenda. The reason this is said is that at all times, the leader ensured that there was no deviation from what needed to be done. In the opinion of Denton (1996), change processes that are not implemented with much fo cus often fail because there is deviation into doing what is not originally part of the

Theory Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory Analysis - Assignment Example What is the underlying epistemological paradigm of this theory? (All theories have an epistemological foundation. We have covered the following epistemological paradigms: logical positivism, post-positivism, realism, postmodernism, interpretivism/social constructivism, critical theory, feminist theory.) The underlying epistemological paradigm of the incentive theory of motivation is behaviorism, particularly, purposive behaviorism. Behaviorism, otherwise known as the behavioral learning theory, explain observed and/or measured behaviors as an outcome of an external event, which means that â€Å"a human being will learn to behave in a certain manner because he or she has discovered that something desirable or punishing may occur after a desirable or punishing behavior takes place† (Nath & Cmajdalka, 2011, p. 141). In 1932, Tolman (as cited in Fiske, 2008) developed â€Å"a purposive behaviorism, conceiving of incentives as the quantity and quality of a reward† (p. 10). Why do you think this is the epistemological paradigm underlying your theory? (This is where you will link the ontological, axiological, and methodological assumptions of the epistemological paradigm to the tenets of the theory. You will need to review the tenets of your selected theory and review the assumptions of the epistemological paradigm.) 2. An axiological assumption has something to do with non-moral sources of value (McDonald, 2008). Behaviorism is divided in this aspect. Some theorists believe that behaviorism does not entertain any assumption with respect to value judgment (Harcum, 1996). However, Dewey (as cited in Boydston, 1989) believes otherwise. 1. Objectivism assumes that the symbols people used during such cognitive activities such as thinking and talking derives meaning by virtue of their capacity to stand for objects, people, properties, as well as the associations between them as their existence is real. In simpler terms, objectivism views the world as a set of objects

Genetic engineering - Maize Essay Example for Free

Genetic engineering Maize Essay Introduction Genetically modified, by definition, is a term denoting or derived from an organism whose DNA has been altered for the purpose of improvement or correction of defects. (dictionary. com) Genetically modified foods are foods that have been altered to enhance certain traits for the purpose of making them more desirable to consumers. Since the development of this process, modified foods have become more common throughout the years, and with their increase in production there has also been great controversy. History of Genetically Modified Foods In 1994, the first genetically modified food the Food and Drug Administration deemed safe enough for human consumption was a tomato called the â€Å"Flavr Savr,† produced in California. The purpose of altering the tomato was for it to be resistant to rotting and decaying as quickly as tomatoes usually do. They were not labeled as being genetically modified and they were between two and five time more expensive than ordinary tomatoes, but consumers still purchased them. However, due to competition, brought on by a tomato made conventionally and with a longer shelf life, the Flavr Savr tomatoes were not profitable. Genetically modified tomatoes were then made into a tomato puree and sold in Europe in the mid-1990s, but a couple years later controversy arose over the concept of genetically modifying food. In 1998, a doctor from Aberdeen, in Scotland, published results from a research study he conducted suggesting that genetically modified potatoes, injected with an insecticide gene from the snowdrop plant, were toxic to rats. A year later it was announced that beginning in 1999, there were to be trials of genetically modified crops engineered to be resistant to herbicides. The purpose of the trials was to uncover the effects of these crops on farmland wildlife. However, this was criticized to be potentially dangerous to nearby crops, as well as honey that could be affected by cross-pollination. Sure enough, later that year pollen from genetically modified oilseed rape, a plant that is used to produce canola oil, was found at beehives almost three miles away. Two out of nine samples of honey being sold in supermarkets were contaminated in May 2000. At this point in time, nine out of ten people were against the idea of genetically modifying foods. (dailymail. co. uk) Despite the controversy surrounding genetically modified plants and foods in earlier years, technologies have advanced, and in 2006, 10. 3 million farmers planted 252 million acres of transgenic crops in 22 countries. The United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, China, Paraguay, and South Africa grew 97% of these crops. Soybeans, corn, cotton, canola, and alfalfa were modified to be herbicide and insect resistant, whereas other crops, like sweet potatoes for instance were modified to be able to survive harsh weather conditions. (Ornl. gov) The process of genetic modification Genetically modifying foods changes their genetic makeup in some way. The purpose of doing this is to enhance certain aspects of the food, for example, increasing its resistance to herbicides or its nutritional value. Traditionally, this has been done by way of selectively breeding plants or animals for specific genetic traits, however this method has proven to be potentially inaccurate and very time consuming. Genetic modification on the other hand can physically isolate a particular gene and insert it into another substance, enabling it to then posses that quality. This is done very quickly and accurately. Plants can be made insect resistant, virus resistant, or more tolerant to herbicides. Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that produces a gene for toxin production that is safe for human production. To achieve insect resistance, the gene is injected into the crops that will then be able to produce this toxin on their own, leading to a decreased need for insecticides. To achieve virus resistance, crops must be introduced to the gene from that particular disease-causing virus. This results in less susceptibility to the disease and higher crop yields. Similarly, to achieve herbicide tolerance, a gene from a bacterium that will transmit resistance to some herbicides must be injected into the crops, in turn reducing the amount of herbicides used. Purpose of genetically modifying foods. There are many reasons for producing and selling genetically modified foods over those that are traditionally produced. Originally, the intent was increased protection of crops. This is still one of the process’ objectives, however there are many additional benefits recognized today. Both consumers and producers who feel that genetically modified foods are advantageous believe that these foods can be cheaper, more durable, and more nutritional. Genetically modifying foods is also a way to ensure that with a world population that is predicted to double in the future, a food shortage will not be encountered. In addition to increased protection from diseases, pests and herbicides, there are other key reasons for genetic modification. Many crops are destroyed due to troubling weather conditions. Frost can come at unexpected times causing destruction to sensitive crops. Cold water fish have an antifreeze gene which, when introduced to plants like tobacco and potatoes, can lead to a higher tolerance to cold temperatures. Similarly, plants can also develop the ability to withstand droughts. A very important quality of food is the nutritional value that is possesses. Malnutrition is quite prevalent, especially in third world countries where people tend to rely on only one crop to fulfill their dietary needs. If however, these crops could be genetically modified to contain the amount of vitamins and nutrients necessary to sustain a healthy diet, it would be a great advantage. For example, in third world countries blindness caused by a vitamin A deficiency is very common, so researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have developed what they call, â€Å"golden† rice, which contains uniquely high levels of vitamin A. The hope in this development is that this rice, funded by the non-profit organization Rockefeller Foundation, can be sent to any countries that request it. Vaccinations and medicines can be very difficult to produce, and they can also be very costly. Through genetic modification there is hope that the ability to produce foods with edible vaccinations in them will become a possibility. Common Genetically Modified Foods According to a WebMD article, experts say that about sixty to seventy percent of processed foods sold in the United States contain genetically modified ingredients. Soybeans, , corn, cotton, and rapeseed oil are the most commonly genetically modified foods. In other words, any foods that contain field corn, high-fructose corn syrup, soybeans, cottonseed oil, or canola oil all contain genetically modified ingredients. These ingredients are extremely common in most foods, much more so than most people are aware of. According to a study funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, only 52% of Americans are aware that genetically modified foods are even sold in grocery stores. The United States is the largest producer of corn in the world, and in 2000 it was estimated that 25% of corn crops growing in the United States were genetically modified. Corn is an ingredient in beer, salad dressing, margarine, flour, and anything containing corn syrup. The corn sold in stores is not necessarily intended to be genetically modified, however the concern for cross contamination between crops is there, since corn is wind-pollinated. Soy is the most heavily modified crop, and more than half the soy in the world was made up of genetically modified strains in 2007. There are different reasons for the modification of soy, including an added resistance to insects, and increasing its vitamin or fat and protein content in order to be suitable for animal feed. Soy is also used for creating chemicals used in pharmaceuticals. The likelihood of products in the United States containing genetically modified materials if they contain soy is very high, despite the lack of any labeling stating so. Tofu and soy milk are obviously effected products, however soy is also present in bread, cereal, ice cream and chocolate. Milk can be made from a genetically modified hormone called the recombinant bovine growth hormone. The function of this hormone is to produce more milk by keeping cells to produce milk alive in cows for longer periods of time. There is no proven difference between milk produced with the hormone versus that produced without it, however cows injected with the hormone are more prone to disease which can in turn have negative effects on the milk. Rapeseed oil, or canola oil, is one of the most genetically modified crops used. 80% of canola crops in Western Canada have been genetically modified. It is modified in the area of herbicide resistance. Also, modified rapeseed crops produce the main pollen used in the making of honey, suggesting that most honey from Canada could likely qualify as genetically modified. Advantages of Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods offer several advantages. As already mentioned, an increased resistance to pests and diseases, the tolerance against bad weather conditions, and an increase in food supply are all obviously positive aspects. Crops have a better taste and quality when they are modified and they also have increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance. The time it takes for crops to mature is reduced as well. As far as the advantages for animals, they develop an increased resistance, productivity, and feed efficiency. They also produce more food, and their health can improve. The environment can benefit from genetically modifying foods as well. Firstly, the bioherbicides and bioinsecticides are environmentally friendly. Because genetic modification improves the resistance of plants and reduces their maturation time, soil, water, and energy can also be conserved. There is better natural waste management associated with genetic modification, and food processing is more efficient. Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Foods Despite the advantages of genetically modifying foods, the disadvantages of doing so seem to greatly outweigh the positive aspects of it. The most common criticisms against GM foods are in regards to the environment, health risks, and economic worries. Firstly, there have been several harmful, yet unintended effects on organisms in the environment. Monarch butterfly caterpillars have suffered an increased mortality rate due to the gene injected in corn crops. Though the caterpillars do not consume corn crops, they consume milkweed plants in neighboring fields, where the wind could easily transfer the pollen. There was a study done to test this theory, and the study did in fact support it. Another environmental concern is that the genes used to enhance certain crops will be transferred over to species unintended to contain the gene. For instance, in the case of crops that are introduced to a gene enabling them to develop an increased resistance to herbicides, the gene can potentially spread into the weeds themselves, causing them too to develop a higher herbicide resistance. This could cause problems because the weeds would then become very difficult to combat which could possibly ruin the crops. The concern for human health risks in regards to genetically modified foods is very high as well. Firstly, food allergies are very common among people in Europe and the United States, and in some cases these allergies can be fatal. The possibility that adding genes to plants could cause allergic reactions in susceptible people is there, and it is a very threatening possibility. Secondly, genetically modified foods pose an unknown overall threat to human health. Despite the lack of proof that foods made of genetically modified materials can be harmful to people, there have been studies showing that certain GM foods are in fact harmful to the digestive tract of rats. Just the fact that the effects of GM food on people are still not completely known also poses a huge threat in itself. From an economic perspective, genetically modifying foods is very costly. With new technologies that are continuously surfacing, companies are starting to want to patent their ideas, and this raises the concern that with patents will come a raise in price of seeds, making business very difficult for farmers who will not be able to afford them. This would result in the domination of food production throughout the world by only a few companies if GM foods reached such a high existence. It would also increase the dependence of developing countries on industrialized nations. Lastly, it could also result in biopiracy, or foreign exploitation of natural resources. There are ethical issues surrounding genetic modification as well. Many people question if it is unethical to alter nature by taking the genes of one species and mixing it with another. There is also the question of whether or not it is ethically wrong to violate the essential values of organisms. This process can stress animals as well, as their natural ways of life and food production are being compromised in ways that are having essentially unknown effects on the animal. The ethicality of labeling foods as genetically modified is a very controversial issue. In the United States, labeling foods is not mandatory and to the many people who do not want to consume these foods, this is viewed as very unethical. Laws of Genetically Modified Foods The laws and governmental regulations of genetically modifying food varies throughout the world, yet a common factor is that all of these different governments are in fact working towards establishing regulatory processes. In Japan, as of April 2001, testing GM foods was made mandatory. In the United States, regulation is achieved by several different governmental agencies, such as the US Environmental Protection. Agency, the US Department of Agriculture, and the US Food and Drug Administration. The EPA is responsible for regulating the substances used that may cause possible harm to the environment and human health, pesticides for example. Farmers need to obtain licenses in order to use such chemicals, and the amount they are permitted ot use is regulated. The USDA includes different divisions each responsible for their own branch of assessment. â€Å" Among these divisions are APHIS, the Animal Health and Plant Inspection Service, which conducts field tests and issues permits to grow GM crops, the Agricultural Research Service which performs in-house GM food research, and the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service which oversees the USDA risk assessment program. † (Csa. com) The FDA is involved when companies producing GM foods have issues they feel they want to consult with them about. They are not required to go to the FDA though. The future of Genetically Modified Foods Currently, genetically modified ingredients are present in many foods, however the process is mostly limited to altering the ingredients in the area of improved sustainability. In the future, there are plans to genetically modify much more. For example, there are plans to try to produce foods with the ability to produce human vaccinations. There are also plans to genetically alter food animals, like pigs, cows, and most recently salmon. Conclusion Genetically modified foods have come a long way since their first introduction into the market. They have great potential to solve many problems and improve upon many conditions. However, there are many challenges facing governments as far as the advancement of genetically modified foods is concerned. Regulations, food testing, and uncovering more of the possible effects on both human health and the environment are all great issues involved. The concept of genetic modification is also very controversial. However, regardless of the obstacles and controversy surrounding this phenomenon, it is becoming much more widespread throughout the world. Works Cited Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? CSA. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php . Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms HGP Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. ornl. gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi /gmfood. shtml. Development and History of GM Foods Genetically Modified Foods (UK). Comphrensive Advice on Genetically Modified Foods at Genetically Modified Foods (UK). Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. geneticallymodifiedfoods. co. uk/development-hi story-gm-foods. html. Chapman, By James. History of Genetically Modified Food | Mail Online. Home | Mail Online. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-419985/History-ge netically-modified-food. html. Jibrin, By Janis. Genetically Modified Foods (Biotech Foods) Pros and Cons. WebMD Better Information. Better Health. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. http://www. webmd. com/food-recipes/features/are-biotech-foods-s afe-to-eat. dictionary. com.

Social Hysteria in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay example -- Shir

Social Hysteria in The Lottery Tradition is a central theme in Shirley Jackon's short story The Lottery. Images such as the black box and characters such as Old Man Warner, Mrs. Adams, and Mrs. Hutchinson display to the reader not only the tenacity with which the townspeople cling to the tradition of the lottery, but also the wavering support of it by others. In just a few pages, Jackson manages to examine the sometimes long forgotten purpose of rituals, as well as the inevitable questioning of the necessity for such customs. The black box represents virtually the only part of the original ritual that has been preserved since the lottery began. It is there not only to hold the papers that will be drawn, but also to represent to the townsfolk the tradition. The black box is constructed of pieces of the original box, a link to the time when the purpose of the lottery was clear. Most of the old custom has been forgotten: wood chips have been replaced with paper slips, and on one can remember the recital and ritual salute that had previously been part of the lottery; but the o...

What if everyone was smart?

What if the world we lived in was perfect? As long as I live doubt the world we live would get perfect. Things that would make up is if everyone was wealthy, they had perfect knowledge, and if they have the same style. If everyone was wealthy the following would happen. Good things about being everyone being wealthy would be know one would be homeless and could live comfortably and not have to worry about bills or gas money. Everyone can afford anything they want.It would be easy for everyone to purport there families no matter how large. The bad things about everyone being wealthy would be criminals could spend money on things that would mess up the world. There would be too much trash for the earth to even contain. Also there would be know point to people even working since everyone's rich. If everyone were rich it would be both good and bad for the world. There would basically be no point of there even being school. If everyone was smart this would happen.The good things are roden ts made by companies would have no error to it and would always work correctly. Another good thing would be. Know one would be confused about anything so there would be know need to look things up at the library or on the web. Also having perfect knowledge would help anyone in life or death situations. The bad things about everyone being smart would be this. Criminal would be as smart as police officers. Knowing everyone would make everything seem pointless. There would be no point in learning things. There are many dumb people in the world we live in now.But if the everyone was smart the would be a much better place to live in. Have you ever said to yourself what if everyone had the same style? If they did know would make fun of the way you dress. Everyone would compliment you on what you wear. You would also be able to fit in with your friends easily. The bad things about this people will eventually get tired of seeing people wear the same thing. You will continue to have a conver sation about the same topic over and over again. Every,Inhere you everyone around you would act and dress similar which can get weird fast.A perfect world have people with same style. However it would be weird seeing someone dress and act like you. A perfect world would be one with everyone being wealthy, smart, and having the same style. Imagine waking up in a 15 bedroom mansion and enough money to feed 15 countries. How bout being able to know everything thing there is to know about life. Last but not least what if know one made fun of you because everyone has the same style. Doesn't living in a perfect world sound great. The problem is know one would know how it is to live in one.

Marine pollution

Introduction of man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) resulting in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazard to human health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing, impairment of quality for use of sea-water, and reduction of amenities. Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine ollution are land based. In the past many substances were recklessly dumped in the ocean and it was assumed that they could be easily absorbed without any damage to the marine environment. Ocean dumping includes such materials as sewage sludge, industrial waste, explosives, and particularly huge quantities of dredge spoils.Marine pollution includes a range of threats including from land-based sources, oil spills, un treated sewage, heavy siltation, eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), Invasive species, persistent organic pollutants (POPS), heavy metals from mine tailings and other sources, cidification, radioactive substances, marine litter, overfishing and destruction of coastal and marine habitats There are three main types of inputs of pollution into the ocean: Direct discharge of waste into the oceans, =>Pollutants enter rivers and the sea directly from urban sewerage and industrial waste discharges, sometimes in the form of hazardous and toxic wastes. ining for copper, gold. etc. , is another source of marine pollution. Most of the pollution is simply soil, which ends up in rivers flowing to the sea. Runoff into the waters due to rain, Surface runoff from farming, as well as urban runoff and runoff from the construction of roads, buildings, ports, channels, and harbours, can carry soil and particles laden with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals.This nutrient-rich water can cause f leshy algae and phytoplankton to thrive in coastal areas, known as algal blooms, which nave the potential to create hypoxic conditions by using all available oxygen Pollutants that are released from the atmosphere =>Wind blown dust and debris, including plastic bags, are blown seaward from landfills and other areas. >Climate change is raising ocean temperatures and raising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These rising levels of carbon dioxide are acidifying the oceans.This, in turn, is altering aquatic ecosystems and modifying fish distributions, with impacts on the sustainability of fisheries and the livelihoods of the communities that depend on them Ship's pollution Ships can pollute waterways and oceans in many ways. Oil spills can have devastating effects. While being toxic to marine life, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean p, and last for years in the sediment and marine environment. Major effect- Impairm ent of marine life.Plankton, esp. neuston at highest risk – exposed to water soluble components leaching from oil. In Mangroves – lenticels clogged with oil oxygen level in sediments drops – death. Discharge of cargo residues from bulk carriers can pollute ports, waterways and oceans. In many instances vessels intentionally discharge illegal wastes despite foreign and domestic regulation prohibiting such actions. It has been estimated that container ships lose over 10,000 containers at sea each year (usually during storms).Ships also create noise pollution that disturbs natural wildlife Ballast water taken up at sea and released in port is a major source of unwanted exotic marine life. The invasive freshwater zebra mussels, native to the Black, Caspian and Azov seas, were probably transported to the Great Lakes via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel Invasive species can take over once occupied areas, facilitate the spread of new diseases, introduce new gen etic material, alter underwater seascapes and Jeopardize the ability of native species to obtain food.