Theories of Compulsive Buying Behaviour

Hypotheses of Compulsive Buying Behavior Most importantly, it ought to be noticed that shopping is large business. Malls utilize roughly 8% of the US workforce. These segment of the workforce helps drive the machine that makes about  ½ of each state’s charge incomes and there are right now more shopping centers and strip malls that US secondary schools (Farrell, J. 2003, pp. xi-xii). Apparently controlling this juggernaut of trade is ever expanding and evidently unquenchable hunger of the advanced purchaser. Behind the 4x development in the quantity of strip malls and the over 3x development in retail area during the 30-year time of 1970 †2000, is the way that Americans (and likely other â€Å"civilized† shoppers) are devouring merchandise at twice (2x) the rate as they did in 1950 and ten-time(10x) as a little more than seventy years back (Farrell, J. 2003, pp. xii-xiii). It is additionally important that this expansion in utilization is prove over all pay levels however not really similarly over all portions (Gini, A. 2003, p. 85). Indeed, progressively serious cases are essentially corresponded to a lower the degree of salary, a more noteworthy probability of having underneath normal pay and spending a lower level of pay on special things, proposing in general a powerlessness to deal with budgetary issues well (Black, D. 2001, p. 23) As a ‘counter-statistic’, Americans have a degree of creation that is right now at roughly 2x that of a similar period (1950). This infers, we could devour a similar sum as in 1950 and work half so much or, as reality has it, work significantly more to expend over twice so much (Gini, A. 2003 p. 82). Thus, in a typically correlational style, the not just has the quantity of customers and malls expanded however there has been a sharp increment in the quantity of newproducts, especially in the publicized â€Å"must have† classification as wellas the rise of the totally new â€Å"disposable† class (Pooler, J.2003, p. 9). As customers and items have changed, the relationship that existed between them has likewise transformed into something new. With the expansion of retail scenes that profer an ever-expanding number of items and classifications, the appearance of the â€Å"disposable† item ought not go unnoticed. Despite the fact that beyond a shadow of a doubt, numerous if not most items are high caliber and made to extremely demanding measures, numerous items are less solid or are â€Å"designed for obsolesce†. Solidness was the trademark that was advanced while the results of today push a message of comfort. In a general public uncontrolled with such unequivocal and verifiable messages, it is no big surprise that the passionate associations with most any item are diminishing (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 10). Items, for example, cameras or contact focal points were exceptionally mulled over purchasesthat were relied upon to last a huge timeframe. Likely more significant than basic the volume of shopping is its intensity†¦shopping implies more than it did previously. Previously,people looked for things that they required. Presently, such shopping despite everything happens except it involves a little division of the procedure. Studies gauge that as much as 2/3 of purchaser buys are â€Å"unnecessary†(Pooler, J. 2003 p.2). This abundance is purchased from a need instead of need. As an extra typical issue, shopper research has even demonstrated that over portion of all blessing buys are really endowments forâ€Å"me† (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 11). Shopping â€Å"used to be† a progressively utilitarian and legitimate errand wherein buys were arranged and generally, the customer centered onâ€Å"needs†. Stood out from the cutting edge customer for whom it has been evaluated that just around 1/3 of buys are â€Å"necessary†, unmistakably unfulfilled want must play an especially bigger job (Pooler, J.2003, pp. 2, 6). For instance, as Pooler states, â€Å"†¦people have a requirement for another pair of jeans yet a longing to purchase fashioner mark pants is a want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 22). Today, brands are power, disposablecontacts are the standard and OTUC, â€Å"one-time use camera†, are quite often inside arms reach. It is essential to take note of these items arenot inferior†¦in numerous ways, they are practically far predominant toyesterday’s items, rather, basically illustrative of a pervasivementality that merits affirmation and thought. Understandingthe attitude t hat these â€Å"wants†, in the brains of individual consumers,are likely felt to be â€Å"needs†. The eye of the eventual onlooker isparticularly pertinent. By using the â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs†, it is conceivable to shed critical understanding into how a portion of these mental movements are happening. Created by noted analyst Abraham Maslow over 75years back, this pyramid of progressively requested necessities is central to numerous issues with mental effect. At the base of the pyramid are â€Å"basic needs†, for example, food, sanctuary and garments. Over the basic,physiological level are needs that could be named â€Å"safety† and would incorporate whatever can give mental security and strength. Over this are â€Å"social† needs, for example, the requirement for companions and friendship. Approaching the highest point of the pyramid are needs under thelabel of â€Å"self-esteem† in which feeling, for example, pride and respectbecome significant. At last, the most elevated level of necessities is characterizedas acting naturally actualization† needs in which an individual has the longing tomak e the â€Å"most† of themselves and to â€Å"be† more. A key part of Maslow’s impact is his conviction that higher needs can not be tended to until lower needs are fulfilled. This is particularly striking as a great many people living in â€Å"modern† acculturated nations have even more â€Å"basic† needs met. Subsequently and with not many special cases, most can go through their days in quest for the fulfillment of â€Å"higher† needs, for example, confidence and self-realization. As America or any cutting edge society has developed, clinician and savant Eric Fromm demonstrates that society and its individuals have additionally advanced to a point where â€Å"being† is mistaken for â€Å"having† (Gini,A. 2003, p. 84). For example, realist possessive attitude will leavevacant the requirements at the highest point of the pyramid and people will exhibitfeelings related with not having these inborn needs unfulfilled. Fromm further shows that a significant part of the side effects of this void questare commonplace of a â€Å"western† outlook and eventually bring about a mentalityof â€Å"to be much is to have much† (Gini, A. 2003, p. 82). To have an exclusive expectation of life intends to appreciate a joy seriously and feel sick of it rapidly. Simon Patten (Hine, T. 2002 p. 17) The way that individuals, as a rule, are expending more, that there are more items and more places to get them go far in portraying in to some degree loose yet precise terms that setting of present day society. Maslow’s chain of importance of necessities likewise gives critical knowledge into the conditions of the proceeding with examples of expanding utilization that showed a battle to fulfill a need that can't be satisfied through the instrument of getting things. Now, a further separation among â€Å"needs† and â€Å"wants† can be drawn: a need is regularly physical and ought to be fulfilled remotely; a need is no doubt a mental, inside showed want. Similarly that you were unable to fulfill a genuine, physical appetite with mental fish sticks and french fries, endeavors to extinguish a mental want with an unmistakable item are likely brief and misinformed and willend in mental disappointment. This confused endeavors to mollify one’s most elevated mental needs isn't absurd given the blended messages in the public arena of which there is an unmistakable accentuation put upon profoundly shallow characteristics. Shopping is basically the procedure whereby one endeavors to execute these inescapable messages. As a social marvel, shopping is the procedural execution of financial dynamic. This dynamic takes puts in an ocean of in which picture and feeling are maybe bound to outweigh everything else of barely characterized financial and practical utility. The sticker price on a thing mirrors a specific worth however the genuine worth is in the eye of the customer and is the thing worth that a lot to me. Utilizing financial terms, for example, opportunity cost and opportunity advantage are particularly important as a buy choice remains in a precarious situation: â€Å"what will my companions think?†, â€Å"does it make me more attractive?†, â€Å"does it make me happy?† are instances of what experiences the ‘new’ buyer mind. The way that an item will carry out the responsibility is, best case scenario, important yet not adequate and, even from a pessimistic standpoint, absolutely immaterial. As noted over, the way toward shopping alongside the procured resultant goods are an impression of a changing society and worth framework. â€Å"Shopping† is a piece of a way an individual characterizes what their identity is. What is purchased, where it originated from and the thought processes characterize an individual for themselves and, most likely in huge measure, to others aswell. Similarly as significant as what, where and why that somebody purchased something are the ‘facts of omission’: that they didn't get it at a specific store, and so forth is as applicable as the ‘facts of commission’. Think about the accompanying telling instances of self-articulation: the customer buys conspicuously marked Pampered Chef cookware in lieu of practically proportionate store merchandise,the man who buys a Polo sweater with its particular logo over the maybe significantly pricier/better uninspiring brand,the individual who picks name-brand drinks when organization is normal over

Techniques of Comedy Free Essays

Alex Moreno Theater 208 Comedy: Techniques behind the Laughter Comedy is the class of film that makes even the saddest occasions endurable and increased a great deal of ubiquity in when individuals required a lift. Parody is a special type of film in its wide scope of techniques, and in these strategies there is probably a portion of a select gathering of approaches. The genuine enchantment that parody has emerges from these chosen few strategies, that, when utilized appropriately, will never neglect to create a chuckle. We will compose a custom paper test on Strategies of Comedy or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Satire arrives in a wide scope of structures, all of which get a chuckle various ways. There are in any case, a couple of explicit classifications of satire which become works of art. The best of these incorporate; screwball, running muffles, mind, set-up and turn of phrase, and droll. While these are independent classifications of satire, they are all the time utilized together or in different sorts, to effectively produce a chuckle. The inquiry is, the thing that makes them work again and again, and the appropriate response lies in like manner variables of every strategy. A significant factor in satire is the content and utilization of exchange. While exchange isn't similarly significant in a wide range of satire, it is as yet an extremely successful device in delivering an incredible parody. The exchange must tie in quick pacing, mind, and satire so as to keep a group of people engaged, all while following the content so as to attract the crowd to the film, and keep them snared. Extraordinary comedies consistently have excellent discourse that can make even the most conventional scene, completely silly. At the point when exchange is utilized appropriately, it very well may be parody in itself, or add to another joke. A case of this is the point at which a fundamental character offers an interesting remark about the foe or another character. The activities of the other character may not be entertaining alone, however include some editorial and it turns out to be incredibly amusing. Generally speaking, discourse isn't the fundamental drive behind all comedic structures, as observed in quiet movies, however it is as yet essential to current parody in its capacity to make common things interesting. The following significant factor of an effective satire is the pacing. Quick pacing is the main effective method of making a satire; the crowd should consistently have something to produce a giggle. Crowds are flighty, and making them trust that something will happen will just motivation them to lose intrigue. The pace must be sufficiently quick to keep individuals intrigued, however it should likewise be at a pace where the crowd can stay aware of the activity. A parody won't be entertaining if the following joke begins before the crowd even giggles at the last one. An extraordinary parody must discover the perfect equalization that won't lose the crowd to weariness, or in a surge. Give the crowd sufficient opportunity to chuckle, however don’t let them quit snickering. Another basic factor in producing a fruitful parody is in the utilization of montage. Cutting shots between various points assists with keeping the crowd intrigued by including new viewpoint, the film should consistently be moving, thus should the camera. This is utilized notwithstanding close-ups and foundation shots during significant successions. A viable strategy for doing this is exchanging shots between characters during significant comedic groupings. A case of this would be a principle character intended to be amusing conversing with one of the stale characters, against lighthearted element, and demonstrating their absence of response to something clever done by the fundamental character. Another technique is changing the camera edges while a character experiences issues playing out an errand. A character battling to bring a container through an entryway is interesting, yet gets old except if you continually montage so as to keep the scene crisp, adding to the pace. Montage is a significant factor in fruitful satire in light of the fact that a joke needs to remain new so as to be interesting, as does a parody. The throwing in a film is absolutely critical, as not all individuals are clever in similar circumstances. On-screen characters all have certain comedic jobs, which they best fit into. A genuine looking entertainer with a harsh voice would not make a decent blockhead character. On the off chance that that equivalent on-screen character is put into the job of a hoodlum with the mentality of a youngster, he turns into an incredible comic figure. Throwing is absolutely critical as entertainers must accommodate their jobs, while they have more range in parody, they despite everything must be reasonable somewhat. This can be seen by the incredible number of comedies where individuals exit saying; it would have been interesting or more interesting with another person. Throwing must be done cautiously all together likewise safeguard that the characters play well against one another. While a developed man acting like a kid is entertaining now and again, it turns out to be amazingly successful when there is another character inciting them to act that way. At long last, throwing decides how the crowd will respond to the story, and whether jokes will be clever when originating from the chose cast. At long last these things attach in to make a comedic film amusing. In the event that the methods are utilized appropriately you will make a high vitality parody that will keep the crowd engaged. Genuine works of art have everything that a parody could require, extraordinary exchange, quick pacing, montage, and incredible throwing. At the point when these procedures are utilized together appropriately, a parody can't fizzle. The fundamental objective of a satire is to remain new, and by using these methods, even the most played out situation can get clever once more. Satire has made us snicker for almost a century, and it will keep on inasmuch as it is kept new, new, and energizing. The most effective method to refer to Techniques of Comedy, Essay models

All About the Helpful Academic Advisors at Illinois

All About the Helpful Academic Advisors at Illinois I absolutely love life here at Illinois and college in general. It is truly the first time you feel independent and on your own along with thousands of other students your age. Were truly all in this together. MakeAGIF.com But of course, we all need a little help along the way through our educational career and journey. Thankfully, Illinois has the best group of academic advisors in the world. Every student  when they come to Illinois will be assigned an academic adviser that they can use for whatever they need concerning their academic journey. They can suggest what classes to take, help out with any issues one would have, and be a friend! Most advisors have walk-in appointments available and have their own office hours, just like a faculty person would, such as a professor or a teacher assistant. I highly  suggest you see your academic advisor as much as you can during your time at Illinois. A huge goal and purpose of academic advisors is  to keep you on track and make sure you graduate on time! Besides your family and friends, they are the biggest cheerleaders you will have here at Illinois. If youre a College of Media student like myself (Advertising, Journalism, Media Cinema Studies, Agricultural Communications), you will have mandatory advising with your academic advisor once a semester. The best part about this is that you know you will always be on track to graduate on time because your advisor will talk about your academic progress every time you come into the office. I just recently met with my advisor, and he was extremely helpful in planning the rest of my semesters here until I graduate in May 2018! So future Illini, know that academic advisors are your biggest supporters, fans, and cheerleaders! We all want you to succeed here at Illinois. Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

All About the Helpful Academic Advisors at Illinois

All About the Helpful Academic Advisors at Illinois I absolutely love life here at Illinois and college in general. It is truly the first time you feel independent and on your own along with thousands of other students your age. Were truly all in this together. MakeAGIF.com But of course, we all need a little help along the way through our educational career and journey. Thankfully, Illinois has the best group of academic advisors in the world. Every student  when they come to Illinois will be assigned an academic adviser that they can use for whatever they need concerning their academic journey. They can suggest what classes to take, help out with any issues one would have, and be a friend! Most advisors have walk-in appointments available and have their own office hours, just like a faculty person would, such as a professor or a teacher assistant. I highly  suggest you see your academic advisor as much as you can during your time at Illinois. A huge goal and purpose of academic advisors is  to keep you on track and make sure you graduate on time! Besides your family and friends, they are the biggest cheerleaders you will have here at Illinois. If youre a College of Media student like myself (Advertising, Journalism, Media Cinema Studies, Agricultural Communications), you will have mandatory advising with your academic advisor once a semester. The best part about this is that you know you will always be on track to graduate on time because your advisor will talk about your academic progress every time you come into the office. I just recently met with my advisor, and he was extremely helpful in planning the rest of my semesters here until I graduate in May 2018! So future Illini, know that academic advisors are your biggest supporters, fans, and cheerleaders! We all want you to succeed here at Illinois. Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Social Struggle Mrs. Dalloway And The Picture Of Dorian...

Social Struggle in Turn of the Century and Modern Narratives Throughout history there have been struggles in social relationships relating to class, race and sex. These struggles have been recorded in narratives such as Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, Gene Luen Lang’s The Shadow Hero and Tate Taylor’s The Help throug ¬h the characters lifestyles, wealth/ lack thereof and behavior. Each of these authors, playwrights and artists give insightful portrayals of their characters through an emphasis on their social roles. The portrayals made by them show a critical view of the social hierarchy and bigotry. Members of the upper-class, like those in Mrs. Dalloway and The Picture of Dorian Gray are characterized by their lifestyles. In Mrs. Dalloway, we can see that the upper-class have a comfortable lifestyle; however, there can be drawbacks if you are a part of the ‘lesser sex’. In Mrs. Dalloway we get an in -depth look at the life and history of Clarissa Dalloway which allows us to see the disparities between wealth and sex. Unlike the men of high status, the women are seen to be inconsequential, frivolous and lazy. The women of the upper-class in Mrs. Dalloway pamper themselves with expensive items and they are characterized by their love of shopping, outer appearances and frivolous parties. Clarissa, especially, is described by her appearance and tastes when she claims that â€Å"Bond Street fascinated her† (Woolf 9) and that she wearsShow MoreRelated The Social/Economic Upper-Class in England in Mrs. Dalloway, Sense and Sensibility, and The Picture of Dorian Gray1383 Words   |  6 Pages The social/economic upper-class in England in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, and Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray are depicted through the characters’ lifestyles, wealth, and behaviors. Woolf, Austen, and Wilde give insightful portrayals of the characters by emphasizing their social roles in the England society. Their portrayals of the characters suggest that they are critical of the upper-class’ factitious lifestyles. Members of England’sRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pageswork from the list below or choose another novel or play of comparable literary merit. All the King’s Men King Lear Anna Karenina Madame Bovary As I Lay Dying The Mill on the Floss The Awakening Moby-Dick Billy Budd Mrs. Dalloway Bleak House Native Son Bless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The

Mass Media and the Vietnam War Essay - 842 Words

Mass Media and the Vietnam War Many people at the beginning and before the Vietnam War were in confusion on whether going to war was such a good thing; this mainly consisted of the American public. By the time it had reached the peak of the war much of the American public had swung towards being for the war. This was mainly due the mass media at the time, one integral part of the mass media that often swayed public opinion was television, it proved to be such an effective method of communication, that it often shocked and consequently altered public opinion. Television wasn’t the only form of mass media; there were magazines and the radio. Radio was a large form of communication at the time as many†¦show more content†¦Television was often great quality and very hard to avoid as it was everywhere, many households had access to one as well. Source G was an article in â€Å"Newsweek† a US magazine that was published in 1967. This Source gives us statistics telling us that 64% of viewers sai d that television had made them feel like backing up the boys in Vietnam, while 26% had felt opposed to the War. This tells us that Television had played a major role in swaying people into being in favour of the war. There is a considerable percentage in favour of the war here compared to the 26% which means that the television probably used lots of propaganda against the Vietnamese. It shows that television did have an absolute enormous impact on the war, because it meant that the American public would become strongly in favour of it and so with the backing of his people, the American President would be in no hurry to terminate this war. Source G was written in 1967 before the Tet Offensive and My Lai Massacre, so many Americans believed that they would win the war, death figures were low and things seemed to be going smoothly for the Americans, towards the end of the War theShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Mass Media on Americans during the Vietnam War Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pag esEffect of Mass Media on Americans during the Vietnam War When the war initially began, Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State, pointed out that: This was the first struggle fought on television in everybodys living room every day... whether ordinary people can sustain a war effort under that kind of daily hammering is a very large question. The us administration, unlike most governments at war, made no official attempt to censure the reporting in the Vietnam war. Every Read MoreThe Media s Influence On The Public During The Vietnam War1569 Words   |  7 PagesMedia’s Influence on the Public during the Vietnam War The Vietnam War lasted from 1954 to 1975 and quickly became known as the ‘first televised war’ or the ‘living room war’ because it was the first major conflict to be highly televised. During the Vietnam War the media heavily covered the conflict in a negative portrayal on print and television which in turn persuaded the public against the war, leading to mounting pressure on the government from the anti-war movement and general public disdain andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Clock Shadows And Dark And Gritty 1583 Words   |  7 Pagesbehind this shift from a rather jubilant, dreamlike state of Cold War era media, to the grim and cynical state of present-day film, television, and music can thus be interpreted by some romanticists with a longing for the â€Å"good ol’ days† as a decline of virtues and goodness in American society. 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One democrat by the name of Eugene McCarthy labeled the entire Vietnam War as an â€Å"error† and describes the Johnson administration as â€Å"misguided.†Read MoreVietnam War Outcome Influenced by the Media1510 Words   |  7 PagesTerm 3 Paper: The Media and Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a war of mass destruction, leaving Vietnam to become bitterly divided and claiming the many lives of Vietnamese civilians as well as American soldiers. Out of all the wars in American history, the Vietnam War was the first war to be broadly televised and covered by the media. It came to be known as the first â€Å"Television War†. Journalists began to pour into Vietnam from all over the nation, to cover the lives of the American Soldiers asRead MoreThe Influence of Television on American Society and Politics1709 Words   |  7 Pagesmillions of years, messengers (or now days reporters) have told the events of a war to people on the home-front, but in all of that time, never once did it change the war’s result. Not until the introduction of newspapers, televisions and the internet, has any media had enough of an impact to alter the conclusion of a war. As the industry of newspapers and posters started to boom during the Second World War, reporters a nd media companies began exaggerating the story or even exacerbating the story becauseRead MoreThe Vietnam War1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War â€Å"The war on colour television screens in American living rooms has made Americans far more anti-war than anything else. The full brutality of the combat will be there in close-up and in colour, and blood looks very red on the colour television screen†. The USA declared war on Vietnam at a time of evident mass media involvement. The technological progress that was made allowed the full ruthlessness war to be broadcastRead MoreThe Contribution Of Mark Atwood Lawrence Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Commitment to the War in Vietnam is an American piece of literature published in 2005. Mark Atwood Lawrence is an Associate Professor of History, Director of Graduate Studies at the Clements Center for National Security at The University of Texas and Distinguished Fellow at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law. Lawrence has published two books, Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American Commitment to War in Vietnam and The Vietnam War: A Concise International HistoryRead More The Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War This essay will discuss to what degree the media can be blamed for the United States’ loss in the Vietnam conflict ending 1975. It will be based predominantly on key written resources on the subject, but it will also contain - by means of an interview - certain first-hand observations from a Vietnam War veteran. For the sake of conciseness, and in order to focus the bulk of the content on the main topic, this essay will make certain assumptionsRead MoreU.s Propaganda On Vietnam War1355 Words   |  6 Pages U.S propaganda in Vietnam War In the need of human resources, the U.S government in the 3rd quarter of the 20th century has started mobilizing young men into navy and military troops. This mobilization was preceded with heavy amount of propaganda that used big variety of different motives to recruit as many people as possible and to stop the deserters that tried to flee to the country. The motives used in propaganda ranged from hateful to nationalistic. When thinking of power, most people think

Aliens Built the Pyramids - 723 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Aliens built the Egyptian pyramids. Recent research supports the theory that the Pyramids were built long before humans inhabited the area now known as Egypt. It is also nearly impossible for the Egyptians to have lifted and moved the limestone brick used to build these massive structures. Only a more advanced form of life could have constructed such an enormous undertaking, while using advanced mathematics and geography that were not yet known to ancient peoples. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Archeologists suggest that the large stones used in building the pyramids were transported by rolling them over logs or a wet, slippery, clay surface. These methods may have been effective in moving the blocks close to†¦show more content†¦The ancient Egyptians could not have known this intersection when the architect designed the pyramids, yet the site chosen has the same number latitude and longitude. It was aliens, after studying the planet from afar, who implemented temples on this exact site. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With 757 foot sides, the largest pyramid at Giza would have been difficult to design with a perfect square base, and yet the base is almost perfect and the difference in side length is only a mere two centimeters. This is an amazing feat for any modern culture, but an impossible one for an ancient culture without the mechanical tools and mathematical knowledge that the aliens had. The aliens used their mathematical genius to work when they created the pyramids. If you take the perimeter of the Great Pyramid, and divide it by two times the height, you get a number that is exactly equivalent to the number Pi, up to the fifteenth digit. It was a number not calculated accurately to the fourth digit until the 6th century. Because of this knowledge, there is no way the Egyptians built the pyramids. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to art historians, the Great Pyramids at Giza were built sometime between 2601 and 2515 bc. These dates are provided in traditional art history textbooks as being relatively accurate; however, the pyramids, through recent discoveries about the constellation, Orion, areShow MoreRelatedAliens Built the Pyramids713 Words   |  3 PagesAliens built the Egyptian pyramids. Recent research supports the theory that the Pyramids were built long before humans inhabited the area now known as Egypt. It is also nearly impossible for the Egyptians to have lifted and moved the limestone brick used to build these massive structures. Only a more advanced form of life could have constructed such an enormous undertaking, while using advanced mathematics and geography that were not yet known to ancient peoples. 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A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who built the Great Pyramid? B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why was it built? C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comparative theories. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What was the Great Pyramid used for? A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religious uses. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Astronomical uses. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EnvironmentalRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Essay examples1438 Words   |  6 PagesStatement: The Great Pyramid is a mystery to the modern age, even though its purpose; uses, history, and condition have challenged explorers for centuries it will always be considered one of the greatest wonders of the world. 1. Why was the Great Pyramid built? A. Who built the Great Pyramid? B. Why was it built? C. Comparative theories. 2. What was the Great Pyramid used for? A. Religious uses. B. Astronomical uses. C. Environmental uses. 3. How was the Great Pyramid built? A. Workers. Read MorePyramids of Giza719 Words   |  3 PagesThe Mystery of the Construction of the Pyramids of Giza RUNNING HEAD: THE MYSTERY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PYRAMIDS 2 AT GIZA There are many mysteries surrounding our historyRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1382 Words   |  6 Pageswill examine the Great Pyramid of Giza during the Fourth Dynasty, the period in which it was built. My purpose for this topic is to not only educate myself further in the humanities of Ancient Egypt but to also get a better understanding of how the art relates to the people and their lives, I will do so by examining how and when The Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding pyramids were built, then how the culture of the people at the time influenced the making of the pyramid, and finally I will discussRead MoreThe Distribution Of Power Throughout Old Kingdom Egypt And The First Intermediate Period1436 Words   |  6 Pagesconstructors of pyramids, and Egyptian belief concerning the afterlife. The Great Pyramids of Giza are considered to be three of the world’s most fascinating and astonishing archaeological marvels. On the edge of modern-day Cairo stands the plateau of Giza, on which these extraordinary pyramids were constructed approximately 4,500 years ago, yet to this day, they are regarded as three of the world’s largest human-made structures, standing, collectively, at 1116 feet tall. However, the Pyramid of KhufuRead MoreThe Cryptic Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids1719 Words   |  7 PagesEgyptian Pyramids The pyramid-shaped masonry architectures are called Pyramids, and there are eighty of them known as ancient Egyptian Pyramids. The Egyptian Pyramids are the products of a slavery country, but they are also the great accomplishments of ancient people. Since the first discovery of the Egyptian Pyramids, many scientists have been dedicated in ancient Egypt study. After years of researching on the earliest Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, and the most famous Egyptian Pyramid, PyramidRead MoreThe Mysteries of the Construction of Pyramids in Egypt571 Words   |  2 Pagesworld has always been how the great pyramids of Egypt were built. It was a long time ago, long before we had bulldozers, cranes and all that heavy-duty equipment. This leads some groups of people to believe that because Egyptians were â€Å"primitive†, there is no way they could have done all the work themselves. Thus the most logical explanation as to who could have helped our helpless Egyptians had to be ali ens. Aliens had traveled from afar to build these giant pyramids for whatever reason. (1) The immenseRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing915 Words   |  4 Pagesright to do so, then I softened, with a mother’s omniscience will to do so, too. â€Å"Yea, right!† My off-springs formed a pack, then broke out in belly aching laughter. â€Å"And Keva,† my daughter added, â€Å"when we got to another area at The Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ Pyramid, what did your momma see there?† Shyrlena spewed words out from between fudge-brown lips. Her skin glowed like soft, fudge swirls. She was prettier than a Georgia peach – a mother connotation. She and Alexis were about the same height and folks

Pride can Be Costly free essay sample

This paper discusses the irony in The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant, focusing on the character traits of Mathilde. This paper provides an analysis of Guy de Maupassants ironic short story, The Necklace. The author discusses how Mathildes intense longing for wealth and respect made her life miserable, and how her foolish pride regarding the lost necklace would plague her constantly. Before the incident, Mathilde has everything she needs to survive. She has a working husband who does everything in his power to please her, a middle class place to live, and even a maid. But more is never enough for her. Nothing seems to please her enough; she always wants more. She cant be satisfied. Once she fulfills one desire, another takes its place. She cannot accept her place in society due to the fact that she is always focusing on what she does not have. She is so selfish that she does not think about anything but her. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride can Be Costly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her selfishness creates the pride; she is too proud to admit what she is. Mathilde places pride prior to everything; the pride that creates all her the troubles. The necklace fools Mathilde just as she has fooled everyone at the ball.

Triangular Trade free essay sample

The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete he voyage. Voyages on the Middle passage Were a large financial undertaking, and they were generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals. Traders from the Americas and Caribbean received the enslaved Africans. European powers such as Portugal, England, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Brandenburg, as well as traders from Brazil and North America, took part in this trade. The enslaved Africans came mostly from eight regions: Assignment, Upper Guiana, Windward Coast, Gold Coast, Bight of Benign, Bight of Bavaria, WestCentral Africa and Southeastern Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Triangular Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The effects of the middle passage is shown in the following: didnt have any proper sanitation they suffered from diseases such as smallpox and missals and below deck was so intolerable that no one could stay there for any period of time some of the slaves even jumped overboard either because they had misses their family or their tribes some of the slaves were even forced to exercise for when they had to be sold In the seventeenth century both in the English and to a lesser extent in the French islands, a change Occurred in the basic cash crop.This change was so rapid and far-reaching that revolutionary IS a fitting word to describe It. It ranks in importance with emancipation, for the sugar revolution changed the Lesser Antilles completely. It was not just that sugar replaced tobacco as the chief crop. The population changed from white to black; the size of landholdings changed; and eventually the West Indies became the cockpit of Europe. The list of changes the sugar revolution brought is almost inexhaustible. The sugar revolution is most clearly demonstrated in the story of Barbados where it occurred in roughly one decade, 1640 to 1650.It was not quite so rapid in the other islands. For example, Jamaica changed to sugar slowly and less completely at a much later date. However, in each island revolution can be used to denote the startling economic, social and political changes that occurred. Effects of Sugar Revolution ; An increase in size of slave population as hundreds of thousands of African slaves were imported annually into the New World ; Change in racial composition of society by the mid 18th century.Blacks far outnumbered whites, in some cases the ratio was as much as 25: 1 ; The African culture was intro cued ; A new breed of person was introduced. These were the mulattoes and were the off springs of the whites and blacks. ; Society became highly stratified a person was now judged firstly by color and then wealth, so that even a poor white was deemed of a higher status tan a rich mulatto.Economic ; Pattern of Landownership changed before sugar and slavery there were many Triangular Trade is a system involving goods from three locations, each of which has a demand in one of the others. Goods from location 1 are transported to location 2, where they are traded for local goods; the goods from location 2 are transported to location 3, where they are traded for local goods; then the goods from location 3 are transported to location 1 , where they are traded for local goods.The trade goes on and on, to the benefit of the traders, the shippers, and, hopefully, the people in the locations involved. As a specific term, the Triangular Trade was a system in which African slaves were traded for agricultural produce, which was traded for New World manufactured goods, which was traded for European manufactured goods, which was traded for slaves. Typically, the slaves were taken by ship from Africa to the Caribbean, where they were traded for molasses. This was taken to New England and traded for rum and ironware.These were taken to Britain and traded for weapons, beads, copper, cloth, and whatever else traders though might appeal to people who sold slaves in Africa. And these were traded for more slaves. The triangular trade affected the American society by many things such as fife when the slaves had come it brought more help to the farmers and their families also affected the products within the country now people could use the source of molasses which is a thick, dark, heavy, sweet syrup also had the product of sugar, that sweetened their food as well.The triangular trade route a lso brought devastating diseases to the Americas from Europe. Diseases such as typhus, measles, mumps and smallpox wiped out the Native American population. The Native Americans had not yet been exposed to these diseases and had not built up immunity like the European and Africans had.

Macular Degeneration essays

Macular Degeneration essays Macular Degeneration is a problem in the part of the eye that controls your sharpest central vision. It is a group of diseases that result in a loss of detailed vision. The brain will not just leave the spot empty, so it learns to fill it in with spotty macular cell damage. People most of the time don't tell their doctors (opthalmologists) about it until it is well in advance. There are two types of Macular Degeneration. Juvenile Macular Degeneration affects the central vision in young children. This takes place in the macula, or the central region of the retina. The retina is where we are able to read and to distinguish colors. The main symptoms of Juvenile Macular Degeneration is a reduction in the vision. Adult Macular Degeneration is usually said to affect only those over 55 years of age. This type is found in the photosensitive cells in your retina. This includes those that control critical colors and fine detail vision. These are in the center area in the eye called the macula. The many symptoms of Macular Degeneration vary. Sometimes only one eye will lose it's vision, while the other eye is perfectly normal. There is a decrease of visual acuity. This means the macula doesn't provide the sharpest vision. The surrounding of the retina can be used, but it is not as sensitive as the macula. There is also visual distortion. The damage to the retina may cause wavy vision because of the stretching. Some other symptoms are blindspots, eccentric viewing, photostress, photophobia, better vision at night, color vision, peripheral vision sensitivity, hallucinations, and depth perceptions. These are just some of the things that Macular Degeneration affects. Macular Degeneration is hard to recognize at the first, but if it affects both eyes than it becomes a problem. Reading and close up work can be very difficult. Few people realize that Macular Degeneration is an incurable eye disease and is the leading ...

House of Lords Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

House of Lords - Essay Example Today, the House's jurisdiction is limited to the hearing of appeals from the lower courts that are technically addressed to the Queen-in-Parliament. By constitutional convention these judges known as Lords of Appeal or Lords of Law hear the appeals. For several years we have heard of the deafening calls for reform and change in the highest court of this land which separates them from the second house of Parliament. The recent calls moved for the removal of the Lords of Appeal from the legislature which received full support and endorsement from the government on March 21, 2005 leading us all to believe that the Constitutional Reform Act, 20052, as a new system will reflect the independence of the judiciary from both the legislature and the executive. According to Thoroton3, the Judicial Committee would continue to exist and to undertake its work for various Commonwealth and overseas and dependent territory jurisdictions4. This has however created a constant stir that allows us to se e how the Lords have fared in the last 25 years in the exercise of their duties and responsibilities which concerns every citizen in the society as a whole. Undeniably, the continuing dissatisfaction over the last 30 years on the performance of the House of Lords, has put into question their credibility and independence. Certain motivational factors that may have affected this change has created furor especially in their capacity to handle cases and effectively carry out their function. We try to entertain these motivational factors as the basis for this study that aims to look into the important aspect of their decision-making. More importantly we will look into the ratio and length of judgment in comparison with their collective judgments rendered that would reflect their capacity to handle a fair trial. Methodology Based on the total number of cases, we used the common method of random sampling to arrive at and identify at least 5 cases per year as a basis from this evaluation from 1975-2000. Theoretical Framework The emergence of the constitutional reform act has set to obtain the government's motivation for the reform act. Clearly it has set to remove the Law Lords' ability to act as both a government minister and a judge. According to the House Common Bill of Rights5, this is motivated in part by concerns that the historical admixture of legislative, judicial, and executive power, may not be in conformance with the requirements of the European Convention on Human Rights. Robertson 1998 has analyzed and branded concentrates on the arguments the Law Lords use in justifying their decisions, and is concerned as much with the legal methodology as with the substance of their decisions. Very close attention is paid to the different approaches and styles of their judicial argument. Munday6 has also explained the certain application of coming to one single realization among 5 judges to arrive at 1 conclusion and gives a lot of room for unfair judgment. Robertson7 has expressed that Law Lords enjoy and fully utilise far more discretion in their judgments than is normally admitted, and that much depends on exactly which judges happen to hear a case. Data Interpretation and Analysis In a convention, it was decided that the office of Senior Law Lord was automatically assumed

Choosing a Successor Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Choosing a Successor - Case Study Example Each candidate will be matched to a skill set and awarded points. Every skill earns equal points (5), but seniority/loyalty to the organization will score two points (2) for every year of service. According to the score, all candidates are nearly tied for their potential viability in the role of successor. Amanda scored the highest as a result of her tenure, however the capabilities related to solid leadership and communications (especially) are lacking. Felipe, though well-liked, lacks the fundamental skills required of professionals who are well-versed in more business practicality and understanding. Clearly, his leadership skills and human resources skills would be a credit to the position, but his experience as an administrator are lax. Tanisha, though known to be pompous and self-absorbed, managed to score highly in multiple dimensions required for the position without extra points for tenure. Tanisha is the most qualified candidate maintaining multiple competencies for this role, despite her lack of tenure. It is recommended to select Tanisha for the role due to the diversity of responsibilities required in this administrative role. Elements of her personality that are not favorable can be developed through training and consultation with superiors and through experience working in a responsibility-based position with diverse personalities. Based on all characteristics, Tanisha outperforms even those with longer

Effectiveness Of Motivational Strategy In Habib Bank

Effectiveness Of Motivational Strategy In Habib Bank In this modernized world where globalization is fast crating an effect, the workplace realities of the ancient organizations no longer exists (Roberts, 2003). It has become past and needs to be revised very carefully before any aspect of it can be implemented nowadays. It has become increasingly important for the organizations to introduce new methods and meet the new motivational needs of the employees. The reality of workplace, the changing work environment has increased the end for the managers to reconsider the methodologies of developing durable and strong relationship between the employees and organization that ultimately leads to the achievement of the organizations goals and objectives. A thorough and complete understanding of the employees motivational need has became important for the management in order to accomplish what employees expect from the organization in order to return what organization expect from them ( Beer et al, 1984).. Therefore it becomes clear from the re searches that a motivated work-force is an instrument of success for full filling the needs of a rapidly changing work environment for both, the employees and the organization. It also becomes clear that a well- motivated workforce will eventually lead to the organization achieving its goals and objectives in a better an efficient manner. To serve this purpose ob building a strong bond between the management and workforce, the role of the top management is very crucial in this respect. According to Carnige (1985), human capital is capable of playing a pivotal role compared to financial capital, in the effectiveness of the organization. In modern times people are believed to me a source of competitive advantage and carry more importance in leading a company towards success, rather than finance. What is actually motivation and how and why does it matter? In business terms, motivation is the desire of a firm to see a job done well and quickly. The highly motivated workforce becomes an instrument for the business to achieve its goals and objectives as cost effectively as may be possible. Motivated worker also try to reach their own personal objectives. The employers should be well aware of what these are .This is because the greatest motivation will develop if workers feel that working towards the business objectives is ultimately helping them achieve their own goals. A milestone in a success of an organization is fulfilling the continually changing needs of employees and the organization. A heavy responsibility rests on the shoulder of the management to develop durable and strong relationships between them. Companies expect workers to follow the rules according to the terms and conditions set for them. Employees in return expect fir pay, good working conditions, secure career, fair treatment, involvement in decisions and power. These expectations of both groups vary from company to company. For any business to deal with these expectations successfully a complete understanding of the employee motivation becomes necessary. (Beer et al, 1984 from pdf file motivation pak bank). It is usually that it is the organization and not managers that fail to hold managers responsible for creating motivation among the people. They fail to understand the role of motivation and its connection to job performance. One of the biggest challenges for HR is to persuade line managers to develop and manage people. These line managers should be able to build string and personal relationship with the employees through effective communication. There is a need for the line mangers to understand the nature of the employee and his subordinates and should be able to deal with the problems of workers effectively. A thorough understanding of the needs of the subordinates will eventually let the managers know what the employee aims for and what are their goals and objectives. They can then decide how to develop and implement strategies that will achieve the objectives of the company while letting the employees achieve their personal goals. Staff that is unmotivated will be reluctant to do their jobs quickly and efficiently and will only provide the minimal of what is required of them from the organization. It is important to know how well motivated staff will alter the levels of productivity and performance within a company, thus affecting the competitiveness of the business. A well motivated staff is not only able to increase productivity and performance but is also prepared to accept responsibility, willingly and happily. There is low labor turnover which reduces the business cost of hiring and training new labor. With a highly motivate staff, a business also benefits from low absenteeism rate and employees participate on making suggestions for improvements. (Peter) Theories of motivation and their significance in today world: There are many theories of well known theorists that deal with the factors that affect motivation. F. W Taylor- theory of scientific management. F.W Taylor proposed a theory of scientific management that emphasized that money is the motivating factor that affects the employees to the most. Scientific management defines a method of establishing an idea after studying, analyzing and recording performance at work, then altering working conditions and recording performance. This is the approach that Taylor used to establish his idea. This method of scientific management is still used in the companies today. Taylors theory was based upon the notion of economic man and he believed that when wages are based on output, it increases workers productivity. He maintained his belief that a fair days pay for fair days work is what motivated staff to do better. But critics also say that money moves the workers to work, not motivate them. The other renowned theory of theorist is the Elton mayo Hawthorne affect. He carried out some experiments with a group of line workers. Changes in rest periods, canteen food, assembly bench lay out were made at a particular interval. Before every major change, the upcoming change was discussed with the workers. At the end of the experiment when working conditions were returned to the original, it was noticed that the output rose far above the level before the experiment. He drew some conclusions from his work that is as follows: Alterations in financial rewards or changes in working conditions have little or no effect on a workers productivity When management consult with workers before any major changes are made that affects them, motivation is improved When some control over their own working lives is given to workers, there is improved motivation Groups can establish their own targets and goals, and these can be greatly influenced by the informal leaders of the group. Taylors approach is important but not widely held today. Many workers, now a days seek for a respectable job rather than a one which is not valued but is being paid. Workers who have money as their basic need still moves towards a job offering a handsome wage/salary but they are unable to be motivated and still continue the job for money. This reduces job performance and productivity is affected. Maslow- hierarchy of needs One of another major theorist that takes a good position among the motivation theorist is Maslow. He extensively wrote on the subject concepts of the hierarchy of needs. He became a leader of the humanistic school of psychology and looked at the needs of human beings arranged like a hierarchy. The Maslow theory consists of two parts. The first one concerns the classification of the needs and the second part relates theses needs with each other. Maslow arranged the needs in a pyramid. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs that workers have. He suggested that these have to be fulfilled step by step. He identified and classified the basic needs that a human being has. The pyramid starts from physical needs that occupy the lowest level of hierarchy. The top level becomes the self actualization with three levels of needs in between. Maslow suggested that once a worker achieves the lower level of need, he strives for the next level. Management should be aware on what level their employees a re, and moving them trio next level, thus keeping him motivated for his job. The sequence of the Maslows pyramid is as follows: Physiological needs: these are the strongest needs. This is because if a person is deprived, the physiological needs would come first to fulfill his satisfaction. The physiological needs consist of needs like oxygen, clothing, food and shelter. These needs are the priority before any other class of need. Safety needs: this class of needs includes job security accompanied with a secured working environment. A sense of job security is essential for an employee to stay motivated towards his work with the addition of a hygiene environment with safe equipments if required. Love and belonging: the need of belonging and affection is necessary to overcome the feeling of loneliness. To overcome this, team work should be encouraged within an organization along with other social activities that instill in an employee a feeling of belonging and being a part of the organization. Esteem needs: this class of need is defined by the receipt of recognition of what the employee has achieved at work. There are chances that a worker may feel worthless and in valuable if he is not appreciated. This level of need can be achieved by the announcement of achievements publicly at events. Self actualization: this is the top level of the hierarchy. Very few workers have the potential to reach this level. This class defines need as to be given added responsibility with new challenges and promotions in his career. This theory has its own complications. Maslow did not suggest any criteria to measure which level of need has actually been satisfied. Each kevel is dependent upon the level below. The whole system might collapse if a level goes missing in between. It is also hard to say that a particular level is achieved of an employee and now the next level must be targeted. Adam- equity theory Another theory of motivation, widely recognized is the Adams equity theory of motivation. Adam proposed a very simple theory that suggested that employees balance their inputs against their out. The input is not only in the form of time that is put into work measured against the financial reward that is received as output but input also includes all the factors affecting working conditions and the worker at work. Similarly, output also includes the response, the recognition and the praise or the negative attitude experienced as a result of the job being done. The attitudes that lead to positive outcomes is repeated and attitude that lead to negative outcomes is avoided. It becomes difficult for the managers to know exactly what the employee perceives of the output against their input. Moreover inputs of the work and out puts of the work cannot be measured literally in order to calculate and balance both against each other. Herzberg- two factor theory But here our major focus would be on the Herzberg motivational theory that we desire to implement on our project. Herzberg (1923-2000) proposed a theory recognized by the world as the two factor theory. Herzberg, despite basing his research on just 200 professional workers, Herzbergs two factor theory and his conclusions has left the greatest impact on motivational practices. A survey was conducted through interviews and questionnaires that aim to know the following things: Identification of these factors that lead the workers to think very positively about their work and those factors that led them to think very negatively about their job. His conclusions reveled the following: Advancement, work itself, responsibility, achievement and the recognition for achievement were the factors relating to job satisfaction. Administration and company policy, salary, supervision, relationship with others and working conditions were these factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. These factors were termed as hygiene factors by Herzberg. Conclusions of Herzbergs work. Herzbergs two factor theory carried the hygiene factors and the motivators. Hygiene factors included working conditions, pay rates etc. these hygiene factors can eb improved in order to remove dissatisfaction from the jab but they will not help creating a motivated albor for ce. Herzberg argued that it was readily possible to move someone to do a job by paying him but it will not actually motivate him for doing the job. Similarly, he proposed that motivators, that are principles of job enrichment (encouragement, added responsibility, recognition), need to be in place to motivate the labor force to perform a task. These principles of job enrichment include Offering complete units of work: a typical mass production method only allows workers to assemble small units of a finished product. This is not motivating as the repetitive and small, invaluable task is not interesting. It also prevents workers to receive the appreciation and the importance what they are contributing to the production process. When workers are offered the complete tasks, it gives them the motivation to do a job effectively. It bears in them feeling of achievement of producing the goods themselves. Herzberg puts this idea as if u want your employees to perform a good job, offer them a good job. Feed back on performance: this communication enables workers to feel recognized and they are motivated to achieve more. A range of tasks: a range of tasks, when offered to workers is challenging and makes it interesting as their first experience if given them the first time. This provides the employees the opportunity to explore their abilities and provide incentive for the business to achieve the full potential of the workers. Analysis and evaluation of Herzberg work: As we will be implementing Herzbergs approach to her research, an analysis and evaluation of its work becomes necessary. Team working and delegation of complete tasks with much less close supervision is becoming increasingly popular in todays industrial world. Organization ensure effective communication is present between management and the workforce and this two way effective communication itself becomes a motivating factor. There is little doubt that that the increasing trend towards Herzberg approach is fast becoming popular, but many researchers who have used Herzbergs methods still argue and theory experimenting failed to arrive at such a clear cut conclusion. This wouldnt be wrong to hold Herzberg responsible for this evolution and this change would have been slower without the theories put forward by the Herzberg. Herzberg identified five main factors that resulted in job satisfaction. These factors can easily be identified in an organization and can be used for evaluation. The five main factors include achievement, recognition for achievement, responsibility, nature of work itself and advancement. These are the factors which can easily be identified if they exist in an organization. Similarly Herzberg gave five main factors that resulted in job dissatisfaction. These are termed as companys administration and policy, salary, supervision working conditions and relationships. This factor can easily be searched for in an organization to determine the effects of motivation. Service sector throughout the world is greatly dependent upon the human resource. Be it Habib bank ltd in Pakistan or RBS in Scotland, the banking sector and its success mainly depends upon the level of skilled, capable and most important motivated workforce. A motivated workforce does not only increase the performance at work but increased performance and satisfactory interaction among the clients and colleagues leads to high productivity. This in turn creates satisfied customers which forms the basis of success for any organization. Significance of motivation for commercial banks: Commercial banks are structures that are maintained and developed my human resources that ensure the delivery of a good service. The process that ensures the delivery of a good eservice is affected by the individual motivation of labor force whether skilled, unskilled, professional or unprofessional. The increased growth of service industry, commercial banks are struggling foe workers possessing the ability of providing quality service. And their labor is the best source if providing best services to their customers. Excellent services being offered and provided by the employees is able to create a positive perception among the eyes of the banking consumers. ( pdf file motivation pak bank petcharak 2004) Commercial banks play a vital role in the world wide economy. Research concludes that today it is becoming challenging for management in Pakistan to motivate their employees, especially those employed at commercial banks, to provide a quality service with increasing competitive market in the specified sector, i.e. commercial banks. The tough competition is making difficult to provide best of services to its clientele, thus satisfying their needs effectively. Theoretical frame work. Our research aims to find out the effectiveness of motivation strategies at HBL. To measure the effectiveness, the first step is to find out the variables that are creating motivation within the employees at HBL. Once the variables are identified a sample of 75 respondents will be selected from various departments of various posts, qualification and experience. These sample size is selected to determine the research question and research objective. The questionnaire will carry pout the research and will obtain the result that will identify the factors that create little or no, and high motivation among the employees. These factors when identifies will be classified under the motivators and the hygiene factors. These motivators and hygiene factors must be forming a part of the motivational strategy of the management at HBL that will effective or ineffective in creating motivation. The highly effective and the little effective will then be measured against the performance level of the workers when implemented. According to the results, those strategies will be labeled as successful or unsuccessful. For the unsuccessful strategies recommendations will be made . Research conducted through a questionnaire Identification of the factors affecting the level of motivation Identification of factors creating job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction Classifying them into hygiene factors and motivators Result on motivation result on motivation when When hygiene factors motivators implemented. implemented. Measure the effect Measure the effect on work On work performance performance. Employee motivation and work performance: Improving the work performance has always been and will continue to be the major concern of all businesses. It is the performance of work that creates satisfied managers and/or dissatisfied managers. The work performance has always been an important issue for the businesses as their success and failure depends upon the performance displays by their workforce. A manager when pays the employee, expects to return the worth of what is paid to him. In case of failure to do so, many workplace issues are created that managers then need to deal with. It is not always possible for managers to repay the accurately the input employee has put into work. This is because there exist no method to measure the input against the output wh9ich the employee receives or perceives. Failure to come up to the expectation results in demotivation. Is also seen, as described by the expectancy theory that workers expect according to what they see around. Now it becomes difficult for managers to know how they pe rceive their work output and it is compared to whose job. The performance at work is not only dependent upon the skills and abilities the worker possesses but there are many factors that exist which creates and leave an impact upon the performance of the employee. A well-motivated employee results in well performed job and an unsatisfied employee who is unmotivated towards his job naturally results in a poor job performance. But the question what motivates man to perform better has many answers. There are many motivational factors as discussed above that leaves an impact upon the motivation of the employees. When discussing and implementing the Herzberg theory, we see the hygiene factors create job satisfaction and not motivation but the motivators when placed creates motivation that results in a high performance of the job. For instance providing hygiene conditions at work place will not create motivation for the worker to perform the job but the satisfactory working conditions will make the employee continue the job a and not create a desire to do the job. Therefore a hygiene working environment will have no effect upon the performance of the job. But, if on the other hand, a worker is praised for his achievements and efforts, he will be happy and will be eager to achieve more, thus increasing his job performance. Increasing job performance includes increased productivity, putting in extra effort in the job and probably low absenteeism with happy workers who look at the golas and objectives of the company through which they can not only achieve their personal objective but companies goals become their goals and business objectives as their objectives. When performance at work is increased in any of the forms mentioned above, the company benefits from it. For a manufacturing business increased quality and quantity of it products will attract consumers which will benefit the company. In the service sector, a motivated staff will result in a cooperative and positive attitude and interactions with the customers and colleagues which will create thousands of satisfied customers. Customer service being very important in the service sector is completely dependent upon the attitude and behavior of the employees which is directly proportional to their motivation level. This motivation level is depended upon many factors like motivators described by Herzberg and others as described by many of the other renowned theorists. Linkage between objectives and questions with the theories and concept Research question/objectives Theories and concepts

Incorporating Other Music into West African Music Essay -- Music Histo

Music throughout West Africa has a history of evolving in an encompassing manner, involving many different kinds of music. It begins with different musical traditions across West Africa influencing one another, and since the 19th century involves the influences of popular Western music in West African music. Roughly between 1200 and 1900, a succession of ancient African empires with centralized governments flourished across West Africa, with various kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of Songhai and the Ashanti Kingdom, covering much of contemporary Mali, Ghana and Nigeria. Large ensembles of royal musicians accompanied the trade of gold, ivory and salt between these empires, serving as sonic symbols of the kings’ power and prestige . As a result, musicians across West Africa became aware of the different musical traditions in existence throughout the region, and began to incorporate elements of these traditions into one another. One sign of the unifying effect this had on music in West Africa is the incredible similarities between certain rhythms found in the music of Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Central African Republic. Of course, there exist a plethora of different musical traditions both between and within these nations, and these differences continue despite their i nfluences on one another. Though these are countries with vast spaces between them, and yet they have come to embrace some of the same characteristics in music making. Popular Western instruments, including guitars, harmonicas, accordions and brass instruments, were introduced along the Western coast of Africa during the 19th century, with the arrival of European traders and missionaries. Cosmopolitan cities accommodated an increased flow of people... ...g West African culture. West African music has been influenced by a wide range of Western popular music, such as jazz, soul, funk and hip hop, largely through the flow of ideas and exchanges of culture that has resulted from modern day globalisation. Musicians of West Africa have been incorporating aspects of other music into their own, resulting in new and original forms of musical styles. Bibliography Charry, Eric. Hip Hop Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012 Collins, E.J. ‘Post-war popular band music in West Africa’, African Arts 10 (1977) 53-60. Salm, Steven J. ‘Globalisation and West African Music’, History Compass (2010) 58-76. Stone, Ruth M. Music in West Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Veal Michael E. Fela. The Life and Times of an African Musical Icon. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000.

Governements Use Fiscal Policy to Help Them Achieve Their Macroeconomic Objectives

Explain what is meant by this statement and discuss specific fiscal measures that the UK government has implemented in recent years to influence economic activity in the built environment. Definitions: FISCAL POLICY: â€Å"A combination of government spending and taxation used to achieve macroeconomic management. (The flow of government money in and out of the treasury. † (Danny Myers, 2006, pgs 75&126) MACROECONOMIC OBJECTIVES: â€Å"Targets relating to the whole economy, such as employment, price, stability and the balance of payments. † (Danny Myers, 2006, pg128) The Governments Macroeconomic (nations economy) objectives: 1. Low inflation/stable prices 2. Sustained economic growth 3. Low unemployment 4. Balance of payments between imports and exports (keeping money within the country as well as spending abroad 5. Environmental protection 6. Redistribution of income and wealth to poorRECENT YEARS: The fiscal measures looked at in this essay will be taken from 1990 onw ards. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: â€Å"The production and distribution of goods and services at all levels. † (Wall Street Words, David L. Scott. 2003) THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: â€Å"The built environment is made up of various types of property (residential, commercial, industrial etc); linked by infrastructure (sewers, canals, roads, tunnels etc) and separated by spaces in between (parks, woods, playing fields, landscaped areas, squares etc)†. (Danny Myers, 2006, pg6)AGGREGATE DEMAND: â€Å"All planned expenditures for the entire economy summed together. † (Danny Myers, 2006, pg123) †¢By influencing Government taxation and expenditure, aggregate demand can be stimulated to achieve Macroeconomic objectives such as; price stability, full employment and economic growth. †¢It is the total demand for goods and services in an economy. EXPANSIONARY FISCAL POLICY: †¢Increase in government spending and/or a decrease in taxes that causes the government’s budg et deficit to increase or budget surplus to decrease. This is a method used in a recession to stimulate the economy by providing each household with more disposable income, which can be used for consumption expenditures, which then stimulates aggregate production. It also decreases unemployment, which leads to further increases in income. CONTRATIONARY FISCAL POLICY: †¢Decrease in government spending and/or an increase in taxes that causes the government’s budget deficit to decrease or its budget surplus to increase. †¢Decreases the amount of disposable income per household meaning the output and national income is less.EXPLANATION OF STATEMENT: ‘Governments use fiscal policy to help them to achieve their macroeconomic objectives’ Fiscal policy deals with the governments spending and taxation. There are two types of fiscal policy, Expansionary and Contrationary. When the government needs to stimulate the economy by increasing public spending then they w ill decrease taxes so that each household has more disposable income to be spent on consumer goods. In turn this puts more money back into the economy, creating more jobs and encouraging economic growth.An increase in aggregate demand leads to a higher inflation as there is more money being spent on limited goods and services, which pushes the prices up. To counteract this the government decreases taxation and spending, so that consumer households have less disposable income to spend on goods and services, this decreases aggregate demand and brings inflation back down with it. To achieve a balance of stable prices the government must mediate between the two. SPECIFIC FISCAL MEASURES: STAMP DUTY HOLIDAY:The Stamp Duty holiday was introduced in September 2008 whereby properties worth between ? 125,000 and ? 175,000 were to be temporarily exempt from stamp duty. The stamp duty on this particular property bracket was 1% of the sale price, therefore saving a potential ? 1,750. The intent ion of the holiday was to boost demand in the property market by encouraging first time buyers to take advantage of the saving and buy a house. More money is then borrowed as people take advantage of this, which has the effect of boosting the mortgage market as well.According to the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML), 132,500 house purchase mortgage transactions have benefited from the holiday; this is the equivalent of 25% of the overall 486,400 house purchase loans in the period. Buyers have saved 173 million from the holiday rather than the 600 million the government forecasted. The success is questionable as the incentive was supposedly directed at lower income areas to the North, the Midlands, Wales and Scotland where as, the majority of the benefits have gone to the richer areas in the SE.As this area in particular was hit by the recession the least and where the housing market is the strongest, the governmental loss of the taxation seems to have been wasted. The holiday ended on the 31st December 2009. Although there has been a brief stimulation in the current housing market the number of transactions is still at an all time low. The figures may fall further now that stamp duty has been reinstated, meaning that the government may have to explore other options. AGGREGATES LEVY â€Å"The Aggregates levy is a tax on sand, gravel and rock that is dug from the ground or dredged from the sea in UK waters.The tax addresses the environmental damage caused by these business activities in the form of noise, dust and loss of biodiversity. † (www. businesslink. gov. uk, Environmental tax obligations and breaks (online), (07. 01. 2010). The Levy was introduced on the 1st April 2002 setting out to address the macroeconomic objective of environmental protection while trying to retain sustainable economic growth. The idea is that the tax should make the cost of the aggregates better reflect the cost to the environment and should therefore influence business decis ions to become more eco-friendly and efficient.In terms of the Built Environment this encourages sustainable development, â€Å"The creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment based on resources efficient and ecological principals† (Charles. Kibert,1994). This definition incorporates six principals, (Miyatake, 1996) †¢Minimisation of resource consumption †¢Maximisation of resource reuse †¢Use renewable and recyclable resources †¢Protection of the natural environment †¢Creation of a healthy and non-toxic environment †¢The pursuit of quality in creating the built environment There is an argument that taxes such as this will damage international Competitiveness.The common object of development is to keep the cost as low as possible, to have a minimal construction period and to have the best quality possible. With increased taxation on these materials investors may become more cautious due to the rising cost, which is to be kep t as low as possible, therefore there is a possibility of the UK losing international business. This is just part of the problem between economic growth and environmental protection as both have the potential to hinder the other. However some of the tax revenue accumulated will go towards a sustainability fund.This will be spent through various agencies to promote new innovative ways to protect the environment and provide good quality construction at the same time. The Aggregate levy is a further development of the original ‘Landfill Tax of 1996. ’ This was set to influence the management of waste by encouraging a movement away from the cost of disposing waste in a landfill to a cheaper and more productive way of reusing waste materials. Both have helped to make businesses greener which agrees with the macroeconomic objective of Environmental protection. THE THAMES GATEWAY REGENERATION PROJECTThe Thames gateway regeneration project includes an area stretching 40 miles E ast of inner East London, both sides of the Thames and the Estuary. The area has been targeted for urban regeneration by both government and developers. There are an estimated 1. 6 million people living in this area, which has been deemed one of the most depraved in the UK. This is because of the lack of access to public transport, services, employment and affordable quality housing. The government wishes to gentrify this brownfield site to make the most of the economic potential of the gateway, and to encourage new investment and job opportunities. The Government Delivery Plan, 29th November 2007, Yvette Cooper) The project is co-ordinated by The Department For Communities and Local Government who continue to invest 3bn every year alongside the regional development agencies, the London Development agency, the East England Development agency and the SE England Development agency. (Thames Gateway Annual Report 2008/09). The Gateway project was drawn up in 1995 with the government hop ing to achieve 225,000 new jobs and 200,000 new houses by 2016. In this area there is emphases on developing town centres, public spaces and infrastructure to attract new investment to expand the economy.The Government hopes for this project to lead the way in terms of environmental jobs, new technologies and environmental improvements to existing homes and buildings. The Government is insuring this by providing funds for an eco-risk assessment of the housing programmes, energy savings methods for green housing and a zero construction waste target across the gateway. This project seems to have a lot of potential, however the timing of the recession limits the productivity and investment that it needs. The shortage of mortgages makes it difficult to sell the new housing at the arranged rices, which in turn can reduce investor confidence when companies are to buy up the land for housing developments. CONCLUSION From this essay it is clear that to some extent fiscal policies can be use d to help achieve macroeconomic objectives. From the examples shown, a combination of taxation and government expenditure has been directed at particular areas in the built environment to attain certain results. The construction industry makes up a large proportion of the UK economy and the government seems to be very focused on the issue of sustainable economic growth and environmental protection.The policies such as the ‘Aggregates levy’ and ‘landfill tax’ are addressing the objective of Environmental protection by playing a large part in the way buildings are constructed or demolished. By promoting the use of recycling of materials and reuse, the future of development will change for the better. This is seen in the Thames gateway regeneration project where they are leading the way for the future of construction by using eco friendly and sustainable methods. At the same time they are creating a huge investment opportunity, which will lead to the continued sustained growth of our economy.There will be an improved standard of living for the people who once lived in a depraved area by increasing the once lower levels of employment. From the Stamp Duty we can see that the government was trying to use this tax break to boost the property sector of the UK economy in a time of decline. However I do not believe that this has necessarily achieved its goal. The housing market may well fall again and the aim of helping people of lower income to get on the property ladder has not had its desired effect as the benefits did not go to the poorer areas in mind.

The Crucible Quotes

These quotes, selected from Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, highlight the psychology of protagonist John Proctor and his two antagonists, Abigail Williams and Judge Danforth. We see Abigail’s art of manipulation, Danforth’s black-and-white worldview, and Proctor losing his initial restraint and admitting to what he did. Abigails Character ABIGAIL, holding Mercy back: No, he’ll be comin’ up. Listen, now; if they be questioning us, tell them we danced—I told him as much already.MERCY: Aye. And what more?ABIGAIL: He knows Tituba conjured Ruth’s sisters to come out of the grave.MERCY: And what more?ABIGAIL: He saw you naked.MERCY, clapping her hands together with a frightened laugh: Oh, Jesus! This dialogue between Abigail and Mercy Lewis in Act I, next to a non-responsive Betty Parris, showcases the lack of straightforwardness in Abigail. She provides information in bits and pieces, which Mercy has to cajole with her interjection â€Å"Aye. And what more?† Once Betty wakes up and says that Abigail drank blood to kill Beth Proctor, John Proctor’s wife, her tone drastically changes, and she makes direct threats to the other girls: Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnam’s dead sisters. And that is all. (...) And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down. Abigail Williams Relationship With John Proctor I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! Abigail Williams utters these words in an Act I conversation with John Proctor, and this is how the audience learns of her past affair with him. Proctor might still have feelings of attraction for her—earlier in the dialogue, he says â€Å" I may think of you softly from time to time†Ã¢â‚¬â€ but nothing more than that and would rather move on. Abigail, by contrast, begs him to come back to her, in a display of anger that showcases the roots of the chaos she would wreak through Salem. In fact, not only is she jealous of Elizabeth Proctor—thinking that, if she could only dispose of Elizabeth, John would be hers—, more importantly, she openly expresses her spite for the whole town â€Å"I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons.†   Salems Puritanical Society You must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This is a sharp time, now, a precise time—we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world. Now, by God’s grace, the shining sun is up, and them that fear not light will surely praise it. This statement, given by Judge Danforth in Act III, aptly sums up the puritanical attitude in Salem. Danforth deems himself an honorable man, but, much like his peers, he thinks in black and white and, unlike Hale, he does not have a change of heart. In a world where everything and everyone belongs to either God or the Devil, the court and government of Massachusetts, being divinely sanctioned, necessarily belong to God. And, given that God is infallible, anyone opposing the court’s activities cannot have honest disagreements. As a consequence, anyone who questions the trials, such as Proctor or Giles Corey, is the court’s enemy, and, since the court is sanctioned by God, any opponent can’t be anything but a servant of the Devil.   John Proctors Character A man may think God sleeps, but God sees everything, I know it now. I beg you, sir, I beg you—see her what she is. She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore’s vengeance. In the climax of Act III, Proctors noble character appears in that he is willing accept blame for his own actions. In these lines from Act III, he employs nearly the same language his wife used with him in Act II, where she had advised him to understand that Abigail might have read more into their affair than he did—There is a promise made in any bed—Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. And she may dote on it now—I am sure she does, and thinks to kill me, then to take my place† and â€Å"I think she sees another meaning in that blush.† The usage of his wifes reasoning shows that Proctor seems closer to her and understanding of her position. We should note, though, that while he repeatedly describes Abigail as whore,  he never uses similar language on himself. A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud—God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together!†Ã‚   In Act III, after Elizabeth Proctor unwittingly botched his confession and after Mary Warren betrayed him, Proctor loses any remnant of composure, declaring that God is dead, and then utters these lines. This pronouncement is striking for a number of reasons. He realizes that he and others are doomed, but his emphasis is on his  own guilt, which had nearly destroyed him. He speaks of this even before he lashes out at Danforth, even though Danforth is grossly more guilty. In his tirade, he puts both himself and Danforth in the same category. An idealistic character, Proctor has high standards for himself, which can also be a flaw, in that he sees his mistake as comparable to that of Danforth, who is responsible for numerous condemnations and deaths.   Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! Proctor utters these lines at the end of the play, in Act IV, when he is debating about whether to confess to witchcraft to have his own life spared. While the judges and Hale convincingly push him in that direction, he wavers when he has to provide a signature to his confession. He cannot bring himself to do that, in part, because he does not want to dishonor fellow prisoners who died without giving in to false confessions. In these lines, his obsession with his good name shines fully: in a society such as Salem, where public and private morality are one and the same, reputation is of utmost importance. It was this same reasoning that kept him from testifying against Abigail early in the play. After the trials unfold, however, he came to the understanding that he can preserve a good reputation by telling the truth, rather than preserving a faà §ade of puritanical integrity, where confessing to serving the devil meant automatic redemption from guilt. By refusing to sign with his name, he can die a good man.